https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/1dac7128cc7b35239f04357367cba18c.pdf 29c62fb644ac4299c671b93ac7731cb9 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Lqfprtnqtio&Act& E_3 (B_ _PP< /*•*_ _ ^ _ ^ V •*> . >cument divulgue en veHu « H a i B / s u r T i k & k p W h j p m a i i Docume t&Tr, _E< Ea ta Ii _ _i. _/ _i SENATE S'lT^PPONGRESS \ { REPORT No. 2G7 R E P O R T OP T H E PROPOSED A G R E E M E N T y P Q R COOP. E R A T I O N W I T H NATO FOR COOPERATION R E G A R D I N G ATOMIC I N F O R M A T I O N MAY 4 (legislative day, MAY 2), 1955.™Ordered ,to be printed Mr. ANDERSON. from the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, submitted "the following REPORT On April 13, 1955, the President submitted to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy a proposed agreement between the parties of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for Cooperation Regarding. Atomic Information. As soon. thereafter as possible the Subcom^ • mittee on Agreements for Cooperation, to which the proposed agreement was referredyheard .witnesses-from,the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the Atomic Energy Commission, on.t the proposed agreement. After exhaustive inquiry from all witnesses, the Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation unanimously • concluded, and reported to the Joint Committee that the proposed ' agreement is in conformance with the letter and spirit of the'Atomic Energy Act of 1954. The Joint Committee, by unanimous vote o i r M a y 3, 1955, adopted the report and conclusions of the Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation. This report is made by the Joint Committee under the provisions of section 202 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. HEARINGS Those who appeared at the executive hearings held by the Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation,on April 26, 1955, were: For the Department of Defense: Hon. H . Struve Hensel, Assistant Secretary to Secretary of Der fense for International Security Affairs ' J Hon. Herbert B. Loper, Assistant Secretary of Defense Vice Adm. A. C. Davis, for International Security Affairs 55006 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur l'°£fes ajinformation 2 COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION Maj. Gen. Harry McK. Roper, Deputy Assistant Chief if,. G-3 Operations Col. Sidney Rubenstein, Director, Administrative Security Division, OSD Comdr. David P. Klain, Navy Deputy to Colonel Rubenstein Col. Charles E. Carson, Assistant to General Loper Lt. Col. Mark H. Terrel, Assistant to General Loper James M. Wilson, Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Affairs Mr. William. Lang, Office of General Counsel For the Department of State: Mr. Gerard Smith, Special Assistant for Atomic Energy Mr. Livingston T. Merchant, Assistant Secretary for European Affairs For the Atomic Energy Commission: Commissioner W. F. Libby Commissioner Thomas E. Murray Mr. William Mitchel, General Counsel Capt. John A. Waters, Director, Division of Security BACKGROUND In his message to Congress on February 17, 1954, President Eisenhower requested that the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 be amended in several respects. He said in part: For the purpose of strengthening the defense and economy of the United States and of the free world, I recommend that the Congress approve a number of* amendments to the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. These amendments would accomplish this purpose, with proper security safeguards, through the following means: First, widened cooperation with our allies in certain atomic energy matters: Second, improved procedures for the control and dissemination of atomic energy information; and Third, encouragement of broadened participation in the development of peacetime uses of atomic energy in the United States. I n his message he later stated: In respect to defense considerations, our atomic effectiveness will be increased if certain limited information on the use of atomic weapons can be imparted more readily to nations allied with us in common defense. I n keeping with this Presidential recommendation, the basic revision of the organic atomic energy law passed by the 83d Congress permits, under carefully stated conditions, such cooperation with our allies. The report on the Atomic Energy Law of 1954 describes the effect of the revision enabling the communication of information on effects and utilization of atomic weapons to regional defense organizations :to which we are a party in these words: On the military side, the legislation permits the Department of Defense, under comprehensive security safeguards, to transfer to another nation, or to a regional defense organization of which we are a member, restricted data concerning the tactical employment of atomic weapons. Such information includes data necessary to the development of defense plans, the training of personnel in the employment of, and defense against, atomic weapons, and the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons. The types of information that may be communicated to others to achieve these objectives are carefully delineated, and it is made clear that no information which would reveal �jj-^^^ ""*• "^ " « Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces a Tinformation RATK)N WITH NATO. REGARDING', ATOMIC INFORMATION 3: significant data on the design or fabrication of the nuclear portions japons, or on the detailed engineering of other important parts of atomic weapons, can be revealed. This same report also set forth the underlying reason for such broadened international cooperation in the field of military effects. When the organic law was enacted, atomic bombs were regarded by most as. strategic ^weapons. -Tactical applications of the military>atom were.but dimljy:.. s, perceived. Still less was it recognized tliat^the, tifrie;"would soon-come when : ! tactical atomic weapons, could profoundly, .perhaps r even decisively, affect .the operations of. the ground forces defending Westerns-Europe. W-ithour Nation 4he'" sole possessor of atomic weapons, and with these weapons husbanded for a strategic counterblow against an aggressor, there was no need for acquainting friendly nations with information concerning the effects and military employment of tactical atomic weapons. Today, however, we are engaged with our allies in a common endeavor, involving common planning and combined forces, to dam the tide of Red military power and prevent it from engulfing free Europe. America's preponderance in atomic weapons can offset the numerical superiority of the Communist forces, and serve emphatic notice on the Soviet dictators that any attempt to occupy free Europe, or to push farther anywhere into the free world, would be foredoomed to failure. Yet, so long as our law prohibits ns from giving our partners in these joint efforts for common defense such atomic information as. is required for realistic military planning, our own national security suffers. . THE ATOMIC ENERGY ACT OF 1954 AND THE PROPOSED AGREEMENT On August 30, 1954, the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 was signed by the President. The substantive sections of this law concerning the communication to others of information on the military use and effects of atomic weapons are as follows: (Section 144 & The President, may authorize tho Department of Defense, with the assistance of the Commission, to cooperate with another nation or with a regional defense organization to which the United States is a party, and to communicate to that nation or organization such Restricted Data as is necessary to— (1) the development of defense plans; (2) the training of personnel in the employment of and defense against atomic weapons; and (3) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons, while such other nation or organization is participating with the United States pursuant to an international arrangement by substantial and material contributions to the mutual defense and security: * Provided, however, That no such cooperation shall involve communication of Restricted Data relating to the design or fabrication of atomic weapons except with regard to external characteristics, including size, weight, and shape, yields and effects, and systems employed in the delivery or use thereof but not including any data in these categories unless in the joint judgment of the Commission and the Department of Defense such data will not reveal important information concerning the design or fabrication of the nuclear components of an atomic weapon: And provided further, That the cooperation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement entered into in accordance with section 123. (Section 183) COOPERATION WITH OTHER NATIONS.—No cooperation with any nation or regional defense organization pursuant to sections 54, 57, 64, 82, 103, 104, or 144 shall be undertaken until— a. tlic Commission or, in the case of those agreements for cooperation arranged pursuant to subsection 144b., the Department bf Defense has submitted to the President the proposed agreement for cooperation, together ' with its recommendation thereon, which proposed agreement shall include (1) the terms, conditions, duration, nature, and scope of the cooperation; (2) a guaranty by the cooperating party that security safeguards and standards-.as set forth in the - agreement forcooperation will.be maintained; (3) a. guaranty by the cooperating party that any material to be transferred pursuant to such agreement will not be used for atomic weapons, cr fer research 000284 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur l'asBei%finformation 4 COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INPORMATIOK on or development of atomic weapons, or for any other militai{ rose; and (4) a guaranty by the cooperating party that any material cft-~k, I Restricted Data to be transferred pursuant to the agreement for cooperation will not be transferred to unauthorized persons or beyond the jurisdiction of the cooperating party, except as specified in the agreement for cooperation; b. the President has approved and authorized the execution of the proposed agreement for cooperation, and has made a determination in writing that the performance of the proposed agreement will promote and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to the common defense and security; and c. the proposed agreement for cooperation, together with the approval and the determination of the President, has been submitted to the Joint Committee and a period of thirty days has' elapsed while Congress is in session (in computing such thirty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days). Taken together, these sections permit the communication of restricted data necessary to (1) the development of defense plans; (2) the training of personnel in the employment of and defease against atomic weapons; and (3) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons. The communication of such restricted data.to a nation or.regional defense organization to. which the United States is a party may be made only while such nation is participating with the United States under a treaty or an executive agreement or other international arrangement approved by both Houses of Congress and while it is making a substantial material contribution to the mutual defense and security. The law provides further that no such cooperation shall involve the communication of restricted data relating to the design or fabrication of atomic weapons,, except, however, for the communication of restricted data with regard, to the external characteristics of atomic weapons, including size, weight, and shape, yields and effects, and systems employed in thedelivery or use of such weapons but only if such data, in the joint judgment of the Commission and the Department of Defense, will not reveal important information concerning the design and fabrication of the nuclear components of atomic weapons. Furthermore, thecooperation to be undertaken must be in accordance with section 123: of the act. The NATO agreement which is before the Joint Committee meets each of the above conditions. In respect to the very important safety mechanism (joint determination by the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Defense that each specific item of information to be communicated does not reveal important information about nuclear components of weapons) the Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation has received testimony from both the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Defense, indicating that each item to be communicated has met the test of joint determination. Furthermore, the Subcommittee was informed fully of each item presently intended to be communicated. Section 123 of the act requires, in regard to agreements for cooperation, pursuant to section 144 b, that the proposed agreement be submitted to the President, together with the recommendations of the Department of Defense thereon. The agreement must include terms, conditions, duration, nature, and scope of the cooperation. I t must include a guaranty by the cooperating party that security safeguards and standards as set forth in the agreement for cooperation will be maintained (since no material is to be transferred pursuant to the NATO agreement, section 123 a does not pertain), and a guaranty 000285 �' -•"*** Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces a Tinformation ^COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION 5 b y j j ^ b o p e r a t i n g party that restricted data will not be transferred to Unauthorized persons or beyond the jurisdiction of the cooperating party, except as specified in the agreement for cooperation. Section 123 also required the President to approve and authorize execution of a proposed agreement and to make a determination in writing t h a t the performance of the agreement mil promote and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to the common defense and securit; . Finally; section 123 requires that the proposed agreement, together with the determination and approval of the President, be submitted to the Joint Committee, and that a period of 30 days elapse while Congress is in session before the agreement may become effective. The present NATO agreement meets all statutory tests of section 123. Further, it was negotiated, recommended, and approved by the Department of Defense and the President, in accordance with the terms of section 123. On April 13, 1955, it was submitted to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy and, upon the expiration of the statutory time of 30 days when Congress is in session, it may be executed. THE AGREEMENT AND PERTINENT DOCUMENTS There follows, as appendix I, a letter from the President to the Chairman of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, stating that the President has approved the NATO agreement and authorized its execution and determined that the execution of the agreement •will promote and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to the common defense and security of the United States; and, as appendix II, the NATO agreement itself. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy: CLINTON P. ANDERSON, Chairman. CARL T. DURHAM, Vice Chairman. RICHARD B. RUSSELL. J O H N O. PASTORE. ALBERT G O R E . H E N R Y M. JACKSON. B O U R K E B. HICKENLOOPER. E U G E N E D. M I L L I K I N . . WILLIAM F . KNOWLAND. J O H N W. BRICKER. C H E T HOLIFIELD. MELVIN PRICE. P A U L J. KILDAT. J O H N J. DEMPSEY. STERLING C O L E . CARL H I N S H A W . JAMES E. V A N ZANDT. JAMES T. PATTERSON. Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation: J O H N O. PASTORE, Chairman. CLINTON P . ANDERSON. B O U R K E B. HICKENLOOPER. J O H N W. B R I C K E R . CARL T. DURHAM. MELVIN PRICE. STERLING C O L E. 000286 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information APPENDIXES APPENDIX I THE WHITE Washington, Hon. CLINTON P. HOUSE, April IS, 1955. ANDERSON, Chairman, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Washington %5, D. C. D E A R SENATOR ANDERSON: P u r s u a n t to section 123 of t h e Atomic Energy Act of 1954, I hereby submit to t h e Joint Committee on Atomic Energy a proposed agreement for cooperation regarding t h e communication of atomic information to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization. Under t h e terms of t h e proposed agreement, t h e United States will communicate t o t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization, so long as t h a t Organization continues to m a k e substantial and material contributions to the m u t u a l defense effort, atomic information which t h e United States considers as necessary t o — (1) t h e development of defense plans; (2) t h e training of personnel in t h e employment of and defense against atomic weapons; and (3) t h e evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in employment of atomic weapons. Other members of t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization agree to m a k e atomic information available to t h e Organization on a similar basis. Atomic information m a d e available p u r s u a n t to t h e proposed agreement will n o t be transferred to unauthorized persons or beyond t h e jurisdiction of t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization, and will be safeguarded by t h e stringent security regulations in force within t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization. Under t h e t e r m s of t h e proposed agreement, which will remain in force for t h e duration of t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y , transfers of atomic information b y t h e United States will only be m a d e in accordance with t h e Atomic Energy Act of 1954. T h e N o r t h Atlantic Council strongly endorsed t h e proposed agreement, and I consider it to be a great stride forward in t h e strengthening of our common defense. I t is m y firm conviction t h a t t h e proposed agreement will enable t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization, consistent with t h e security and defense of t h e United States, to evolve more effective defense plans concerning t h e use of atomic weapons t h a n h a v e heretofore been achieved. Accordingly, I hereby determine t h a t its performance will p r o m o t e and will n o t constitute an unreasonable risk to t h e common defense and security, and approve t h e proposed agreem e n t for cooperation. In addition, I hereby authorize, subject to t h e provisions of t h e Atomic Energy Act of 1954, t h e Honorable George W. Perkins, United States p e r m a n e n t representative to t h e N o r t h Atlantic Council, to execute t h e proposed agreement, and t h e D e p a r t m e n t of Defense, with t h e assistance of t h e Atomic Energy Commission, to cooperate with t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization and to communicat e restricted d a t a to t h a t Organization under the agreement. Sincerely, DWIGHT APPENDIX D. EISENHOWER. II DRAFT A G R E E M E N T B E T W E E N T H E PARTIES TO T H E NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY FOR CO-OPERATION REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION PREAMBLE T h e Parties to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t v , signed a t Washington on 4th April, 1949, Recognising t h a t their mutual security and defence requires t h a t t h e y be prepared to meet t h e contingencies of atomic warfare, a n d 6 000287 �-*y Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces a Tinformatio ^COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION 7 fl HJJsing that their common interests will be advanced by making available to fear .North Atlantic Treaty Organization information pertinent thereto, and Taking into consideration the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which was prepared with these purposes in mind, Acting on their own behalf and on behalf of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Agree as follows: ARTICLE I 1. While the North Atlantic Treaty Organization continues to. make substantial and material contributions to the common defence efforts, the United States will froth time to time make available to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, including its civil and military agencies and commands, atomic information which the Government of the United States of America deems necessary to: (a) the development of defence plans; , (b) the training of personnel in the employment of and defence against atomic weapons; and . , (c) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons. 2. As used in this Agreement so far as concerns information provided by the United States, "atomic information" means Restricted Data, as defined in Section 11 r of the United States Atomic Energy Aet of 1954, which is permitted to be communicated pursuant to tho provisions of Section 144 b of that Act, and information relating primarily to the military utilisation of atomic weapons which has been removed from the Restricted Data category in accordance with the provisions of Section 142 d of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954. 3. All transfers by the Government of the United States of America of atomic information will be made in compliance with the provisions of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, and subsequent applicable United States legislation. Under this Agreement there will be no transfers of atomic weapons or special nuclear material, as these terms are defined in Section l i d and Section 111 of the United States Atomic Energy Aet of 1954. (The sections of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954 referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Article are attached.) ARTICLE II 1. Atomic information which is transferred to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization will be made available through the channels now existing for providing classified military information to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2. Only those persons within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization whose duties require access to atomic information may be the original recipients of such information. Atomic information will be authorised for dissemination within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization only to persons whose North Atlantic Treaty Organization responsibilities require them to have access to such information. Information will not be transferred by the North Atlantic Treaty Organis a t i o n to unauthorised persons or beyond the jurisdiction of that Organization. The Government of the United States of America may stipulate the degree to which any of the categories of information made available by it maj7 be disseminated, may specify the categories of persons who may have access to such information, and may impose such other restrictions on the dissemination of information as it deems necessary. AKTICLE III 1. Atomic information will be accorded full security protection under applicable North Atlantic Treaty Organization regulations and procedures, and where applicable, national legislation and regulations. In no case will recipients maintain security standards for the safeguarding of atomic information lower than those set forth in the pertinent North Atlantic Treaty Organization security regulations in effect on the date this Agreement, comes into force. ARTICLE IV 1. Atomic information which is transferred by the Government of the United States of America pursuant to Article I of this Agreement shall be used exclusively for the preparation of and in implementation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization defence plans. 2. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization will from time to time render reports to the Government of the United States of America of the use which has �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information 8 COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATIO" been m a d e of t h e information. These reports will contain pertinent iii. ion requested b y t h e Government of t h e United States of America and will nv'fiarticular contain a list of t h e persons possessing certain categories of information, in accordance with t h e provisions of p a r a g r a p h 2 of Article I I , a n d a list of t h e documents which have been transferred. ARTICLE v 1. T h e Parties to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y, other t h a n the United States, will t o t h e extent t h a t t h e y deem necessary, m a k e available to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization information in t h e same categories as m a y be made available b y t h e United States under Article I of this Agreement. Any such information will be supplied on t h e same or similar conditions as those which apply under this Agreement with respect t o t h e United States. ARTICLE VI 1. T h e Agreement shall enter into force upon notification t o t h e United States by all Parties t o t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y t h a t they are bound by the terms of t h e Agreement. 2. If any other State becomes a P a r t y to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y no information made available to t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization under this Agreement-will be provided t o any person who is a national of, or who is employed by, t h e new P a r t y t o the- N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y until the new P a r t y has notified t h e Government of t h e United States of America t h a t it is bound by t h e terms of this Agreement, and upon such notification, this Agreement will enter into force for t h e new P a r t y . 3. Th e Government of t h e United States of America will inform all Parties t o t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y of t h e entry into force of this Agreement under p a r a graph 1 of this Article a n d of each notification received under p a r a g r a p h 2 of this Article. 4. This Agreement shall be valid as long as t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y is in force. I N WITNESS W H E R E O F t h e undersigned Representatives have signed t h e present Agreement on behalf of their respective States, members of t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization, a n d on behalf of t h e N o r t h Atlantic T r e a t y Organization. D O N E a t Paris this day of 1955, in t h e English and French languages, b o t h texts being equally authoritative , in a single original which shall be deposited in t h e archives of t h e Governmen t of t h e United States of America. T h e Government of t h e United States of America shall t r a n s m i t certified copies thereof t o all t h e signatory a n d acceding States. For t h e Kingdo m of Belgium: For C a n a d a : For t h e Kingdom Of D e n m a r k : For France: For t h e Kingdom of Greece: For Iceland: For I t a l y : For t h e G r a n d D u c h y of Luxembourg: For t h e Kingdom of t h e Netherlands: For t h e Kingdom of Norway : For Portugal: For T u r k e y : For t h e United Kingdom of G r e a t Britain and N o r t h e r n Ireland: For t h e Unite d States of America: 000289 �"'""' Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces a Tinformation COOPERATION WITH NATO REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION SEI 9 OT THE UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY ACT or 1954 REFERRED TO IN yt-iS AGREEMENT FOR C6-OPERATION REGARDING ATOMIC INFORMATION SECTION 11. DEFINITIONS Section 11 d: "d. _ The term 'atomic weapon' means any device utilizing atomic energy exclusive of the means.for transporting or propelling the device (where such means is a separable and divisible part of the device), the principal purpose of which is for use as or for development of, a weapon, a weapon prototype, or a weapon test device." Section 11 r: "T. The term 'Restricted Data' means all data concerning: (1) design, manufacture, or utilisation of atomic weapons; (2) the production of special nuclear material; or (3) the use of special nuclear material in the production of energy, but shall not include data de-classified or removed from the Restricted Data category pursuant to Section 142." Section 11 t: "t. The term 'special nuclear material' means (1) plutonium, uranium enriched in the isotope 233 or in the isotope 235, and any other material which the Commission, pursuant to the provisions of section 51, determines to be special nuclear material, but does not include source material; or (2) any material artificially enriched by any of the foregoing, but does not include source material." SECTION 142. CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF RESTRICTED DATA Section 142 d: "d. The Commission shall remove from the Restricted Data category such data as the Commission and the Department of Defense jointly determine relates primarily to the military utilization of atomic weapons and which the Commission and Department of Defense jointly determine can be adequately safeguarded as defence information: provided, however, that no such data so removed from the Restricted Data category shall be transmitted or otherwise made available to any nation or regional defence organization, while such data remains defence information, except pursuant to an agreement for co-operation entered into in accordance with sub-section 144 b . " SECTION 144. INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION Section 144 &•' "b. The President [of the United States of America] may authorize the Department of Defense, with the assistance of the [Atomic Energy] Commission to co-operate with another nation or with a regional defence organization to which the United States is a party, and to communicate to that nation or organization such Restricted Data as is necessary to: "(1) the development of defence plans; "(2) the training of personnel in the employment of and defence against • atomic weapons; and "(3) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons, while such other nation or organization is participating with the United States pursuant to an international arrangement by substantial and material contributions to the mutual defence and security: Provided, however, That no such co-operation shall involve communication of Restricted Data relating to the design or fabrication of atomic weapons except with regard to external characteristics, including size, weight, and shape, yields and effects, and systems employed in the delivery or use thereof but not including any data in these categories unless in the joint judgment of the [Atomic Energy] Commission and in the Department of Defense such data will not reveal important information concerning the design or fabrication of the nuclear components of an atomic weapon: And provided further, That the co-operation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement entered into in accordance with section 123." o 000290 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDNW02100 Title A name given to the resource U.S. Senate Report Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 5/4/1955 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "NATO agreement for cooperation regarding atomic information," RG25-A-3-b, vol. 5958, 50219-AL-40, Part 1.2, Library and Archives Canada (LAC). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Department of External Affairs Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Description An account of the resource Report of the Proposed Agreement for Cooperation with NATO for cooperation regarding atomic information Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en