https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c0892783335a3559a33c0f57577885eb.pdf 21a77e130664861342540631bb2fbe93 PDF Text Text Defence Liaison (1) £ E H 8 . DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, ^ m CANADA. xcess to Information Act .oi sur I'acces a I'information (FILE COPY) NUMBERED LETTER TO Security:. ^ p . BE0-RE5? The" Cana*d______' Bmbass y, No: Washington,' "l)'."6V" FROM: THE UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR' EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, OTTAWA, CANADA. Reference 1954. Your' ietter'No'.' 'i'495'of * August' 15', Subject Atomic'Energy: .Dw ... JM &.<y.... %^e^)ecBmtrer • -9,- •19641 • Air^r Surface Mail; Post File No: Ottawa File No. White'Paper on"the History'of Tripartite' Co-operation References / (with oopy of "B" a t t a c h e d ) t ^ e p . t p Cabine !#fes. ,/AECB E P €S . iA.E.of Canlida,Ltd. KG.0LS.{2) #liaii«man,DRB .C.Batemapi {&odm 572, SuA L i f e Bldlg., L -mAF' H6 F> (6 copies of "A" (attached) enclosed with this letter to Washington) Attached are six copies of our suggestions for amendments to the draft paper on Tripartite collaboration in the field of atomic energy. Will you please transmit these suggestions to the appropriate U.S. authorities. You may also wish to give a copy to Sir Roger Makins. Ism. 2. Our suggested amendment No. 16 perhaps requires some explanation. The two reasons given in the draft Montreal)' j, paper for the failure of the Combined Polioy Committee jA'.A to agree on arrangements for "full and effective oooperation" are unsatisfactory, and the simplest method V^ 1 of dealing with them appeared to be to delete them altogether. The first reason - that the Combined Policy Committee was not able to agree on arrangements whloh the United States could regard as consistent with the support of an international control system - is somewhat misleading. In fact, the failure to agree appears to have been caused by the unwillingness of the U.S. to exchange information on industrial "know-how"; in particular, the U.S. did not want to give the U.K. the technical information necessary for the construction of atomic energy plants in the U.K. The second reason, Internal concerning agreements contrary to Article 102 of the Gradation/" £, \A U.N. Charter, is ambiguous. Who would not agree, the SSEA [ZYJIfanol. " Combined Policy Committee or the United States? In any to naejky: t o ^ case, why suggest that any of the three nations might mister) have ignored the U.N. Charter? Info. Div; • Commonwealth M v . 3 > When the question of publication comes up, you American Div. can take the position that the Canadian Government is in D.L.(2) Div. A favour of publication, but does not insist upon it. If r'V it is decided that the paper should be published, the Canadian Government would prefer that this should be done (above w i t h ^ on a Tripartite basis. (The U.S. authorities have already copj/kf "B" agreed to this, as reported in your letter No. 389 of attached) March 2, 1954.) We would wish to release the paper simultaneously with the U.S. and the U.K. If they each publish a separate White Paper, we would probably do Distribution likewise. In any discussion of possible publication to Posts dates, it should be borne in mind that we would require (with encl. a minimum of three weeks to produce a White Paper here »$" attached) after receiving the final text. v#6ndon (2) o * Ext. 181B (Rev. 2/52) • • a • £J 000342 �Document disclosed under the Access to In) Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 2 - 4. Incidentally, we should appreciate it if the final text which you send us oould Include the Appendices in the form In which they are to be published. We are not sure that we have them all, and we think that the final text should be complete In all respects so that there can be no possibility of a mistake. R.A.MacKftt of State \hUnder-Secretary for External Affairs 000343 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act - O Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'&kes a I'information >y. % „/., TOP SECRET C a n a d i a n suggestions f o r amendments to the first draft of the paper entitled "The United States - United Kingdom C a n a d i a n C o l l a b o r a t i o n i n the Field of Atomic Energyo 19IfO-195)+'* Present versions ifft^ik/li'flT il < "From 19^6 t o 191+8 cooperatio n b e t w e e n the three governments i n the field ,of atomic 'energy w a s brought t o a v i r t u a l standstill,, However, b y the' modus" v i v e n d i of January 191+8," cooperation b e t w e e n the three governments wa;s revived I n limited areas consistent w i t h t h e existing legislative authority." Suggested amended versions "From 19^6 t o 1 9 ^ 8 cooperation of the United Kingdom and Canada w i t h the United States i n the field o f atomic energy w a s curtailed, a l t h o u g h cooperatio n b e t w e e n t h e United" Kingdom and Canada continued o n a n intimate and complete b a s i s . By the modus v i v e n d i of January 1 9 ^ 8 , cooperation of the United Kingdom and Canada w i t h the United States w a s revived i n ' limited areas consistent w i t h the existing legislative a u t h o r i t y . " (2) Page 1. footnote 1/ Present versions "Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada's Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 19^5<> Suggested amended versions "Caiiada's Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press Statement issued b^: the Hon. C.D0 Howe, Minister of Reconstruction, August 13, 19M-5"c (3) Page 4 Between'the Section entitled "The United States Manhattan Engineer" District - 19lf2" and the Section entitled ^Discussion Between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill", ihsert the following Section; "The Joint British-Canadian Project In September 19^2 negotiations were completed between the United Kingdom and Canada, with the signing of a memorandum, for the establishment of a joint BritishCanadian research establishment in Montreal under the general direction of the National Research Council of Canada. The laboratory was opened in December 19*+2 and was in full operation before the signing of the Quebec Agreement in August 19^3." Present versions "Whereas Canada was not signatory to the Agreement, Canadian participation in the joint effort was recognized by 000344 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 2 the appointment of C D . Howe, a Canadian, as the sixth member of the Committee0" Suggested amended versions "While Canada was not signatory to the Agreement, she concurred informally as a participant in the joint effort. . The Hon. C D . Howe, Canadian Minister of Munitions and Supply, was appointed as the sixth member of the Committee." (5) Page 5a para. 2 a sentence 1 In place of "Dean C.J. Mackenzie", insert "Dr. C.J. Mackenzie, President of the National Research Council of Canada". Comments Throughout the paper the titles of many of the persons named are omitted. The inclusion of titles' in'all' cases would be helpful to'people unfamiliar with the subject".' This would apply particularly if the paper is to be published. (6) Page 5 a para. 3 „ sentence 1 Present versions "Early in 19*+3 a large Canadian-British research establishment had been set up in Montreal under the general direction of the National Research Council of Canada." Suggested amended versions "In December 19*+2, as mentioned above, a large Canadian-British research establishment had been set up in Montreal." * (7) Page 5 . para. 5 „ sentence 2 After "was at that time moved", insert "to Montreal". (8) Page 5, para. 5, commencing with sentence 5 Present versions "In May and June 19M+, General Groves, Sir James Tlhadwick and Dean Mackenzie met to discuss the contributions tT$£ U.S. would'make In the project. The primary results of these meetings were the final drafting of the agreement delineating the role of the U.S. in the joint project and the establishment of the U.S. Evergreen Area Office in Montreal to handle interchange matters. Exchange of information with Canada was limited, the latter having access to information developed at the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Clinton Laboratories, but not at Los Alamos and Hanford." Suggested amended versions "In May and June 1 9 ^ , General Groves, Sir James Chadwick and Dr. Mackenzie met to discuss the contributions the U.S. would make to the project. The primary result of these meetings was the final drafting of the agreement delineating the role of the U.S. in the joint project. The United States established a scientific liaison office, known, as the Evergreen Area Office, in Montreal. Exchange: of information with Canada was limited, the latter having access to some of the information developed at the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Clinton Laboratories, but not at Los Alamos and Hanford." 000345 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 3(9) Page & At the end of the Section entitled'"Canadian Role in Cooperation", insert the following paragraph; "At the outbreak-of the war, Canada possessed the "" only available source of uranium and the"only plant capable of refining uranium on the North American continent". Early "in 19^-2 uranium refined in Canada was made available for the ' research and development programme then underway in the United States. With the establishment of the Manhattan Engineer "'District, Canada agreed to make available ail Cahadian "production of uranium for the weapon programme and also"agreed to make every endeavour to expand uranium production. This arrangement continued throughout the war years and is still in effect." (10) Page fra Section entitled "The Combined Development Agency". last sentence s For "Mr. G,C. Bateman from Canada", read "Mr. G.C, Bateman of the Canadian Ministry of Munitions and Supply". (11) Page G* Section entitled "Development of the First Weapon." In sentence 1- delete "and Canada"; delete also, "and Montreal". (12) Page 7} P^^o- A , ^c^M^~<^ / For "and the existence of", read "and of the existence of". (13) Page 7 / m<^m7C^. 3 Present version; "Prior to the release of these statements and in view of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information concerning the project to third parties without mutual consent, the three statements had been sent to the other countries for comment. The British approach to the U.S. releases was' considerably more" cautious'than the American, and the former indicated concern that such full disclosures regarding the technical processes for the production of weapons was contemplated. Although agreement on both the press release and the Smyth Report was finally obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on the release of information was the establishment of a U.S.-U.K. subcommittee to draw up the principles and conditions which would govern the further release of scientific information concerning the atomic project." Suggested amended versions "Prior to the release of these statements, in view of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal Information concerning the project to third parties without mutual consent, each of the three statements had been sent to the other two countries for comment. The British approach to the releases proposed by the U,S. was considerably more cautious than the American, and the British indicated concern that such full disclosures regarding the technical processes for the production of weapons was contemplated. - Although agreement on both the press release and the Smyth Report was finally obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on the release of information was the establishment of a U.S.-U.K.-Canada subcommittee to 000346 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information -If - draw up the principles and conditions which"Would govern the " further release of scientific information concerning the atomic project." JL. "For "President Truman and Prime Minister Attlee met", read "President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee and Prime Minister King met". (15) Page <f tt para. 3u . sentence 1 Present versions "On November 16, another statement, which was not made public, was signed by the Chiefs of State of the United" States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, which declared ....". Suggested amended version? "On November 16, another statement, which was not made public, was signed by President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee and Prime Minister King, which declared ....". Comment % The President of the United States is Chief of State, but the Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom and of Canada are not. (16) Page £\ para. <Sk . sentence 3 Present versions "The Combined Policy Committee was not able to agree on arrangements which the United States could regard as consistent with the support of an international control system, and would not agree to agreements which would be contrary to Article 102 of the U.N. Charter". Suggested amended versions "The Combined Policy Committee was, however, not able to agree on arrangements which were acceptable to all three governments." (17) Page f. ^&*~ut . /. -£»-_/ s^>s3L~~-^ Delete the word "had". (18) Page f Between the Section entitled "The Organization of British Atomic Energy Efforts; The Ministry of Supply" and the Section entitled "The Establishment of the United States Atomic Energy Commission", insert the following Sections "The Organization of the Canadian Atomic Energy Program In June 19^6 £'he Canadian Parliament passed the Atomic Energy Control Act which, among other provisions, established the Atomic Energy Control Board to exercise policy-making and regulatory responsibility under the Privy Council Committee on Scientific and Industrial Research, 000347 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information The Control Board asked the National Research Council to continue the management and operation of the Chalk River establishment. In 1952, because of the increasing industrial aspects of atomic energy, a Crown company, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, was incorporated to take over these responsibilities from the National Research Council," (19) Page /o. Section entitled "Co-Operation Under the Modus Vivendi" (a) In sentence 1 = after "United Kingdom", insert "and Canada". (b) In sentence 2 - after "British", insert "and Canadian". (c) In sentence h - in place of "Atomic Energy Act", insert "U.S, Atomic Energy Act of 19^6*!. m (20) Page // Present version; "This objective assumed greater urgency with the discovery by the British of the Fuchs espionage case in February 1950 ' • ' •• (App.K), and of the cases of Bruno Pontecorvo in September 1950 and Donald MacLean in May 1951«." Suggested amended versions "This objective assumed greater urgency with the discovery of espionage^ committed by a number of persons entrusted with important secret information." Notes This amendment would have the effect of deleting Appendix K. (21) Page // . last sentences Present versions "The atomic energy personnel in the three countries, including personnel that may have access to classlfied'atomic energy information but are not workingiMrectly on atomic energy projects," are given full background "investigations"" comparable to the system adopted by the United States since 19^7. (App, L ) " . Suggested amended versions "The atomic energy personnel In the three countries, including personnel that may have access to classified atomic energy information but are- not working directly on atomic energy projects, are given full background investigations by comparable systems in the three countries." Notes This amendment would have the effect of deleting Appendix L, (22) Final page, entitled "WHITE PAPER APPENDICES" Present version of Section Fs "F. Canadian Information Service Statement, August 13, 19*+5 (To be found as App, 8 of the Smyth Report)". Suggested amended version of. Section F; "F. Canadian-Statement a issued by the-Hon. C D . Howe, August 13, 1945 (To be found as App. 8 of the Smyth Report)". 000348 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information IP SECRET ri * '* mmmm no SECRET SI A SECRET THE UNITED STATES-UNITED KINGDOM-CANADIAN COLLABORATION IN THE FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY 1940 - 1954 rap SECRET 000381 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information y -. DRAFT TOF SliCRET Canadian suggestions f o r amendments to tho f i r s t d r a f t of t h e paper e n t i t l e d "The United S t a t e s - United Kingdom Canadian Collaboration in the Field of Atomic Energy. 1940-1954" (1) Pafie 1, p a r a , } ^ f| | *i t $7-.*F* Present Torsion8 "From 1946 to 194# cooperation between tho three govorataents in the field of atomic energy was ^ ^3 v.~ brought to a virtual standstill. However, by the modus vivondl of January 1946, cooperation between j-v\ the throe governments was revived in limited areas ^ , «-•• consistent with tho agisting legislative authority." Suggested amended versions ^ ^ '..-v r. '- . "^ "From 1946 to 1943 cooperation of the United Kingdom and Canada with the United States in tho field of atoaie ©nor&p was curtailed, although cooperation between the Ifaited Kingdom and Canada continued on an Intinato and complete basis. By tho modus vivendi of January 194#, cooperation of tho United Kingdom and Canada with the United States wao revived in limited areas consistent with tbo existing legislative authority." (2) Page 1. footnote 1/ Present version: "Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada*o Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 1945. Suggested amended version t "Conada,s Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press Statement issued by th© Hon. C D . How©, Hinietor of Reconstruction, August 13, 1945". O) Pa^e 5 Dottrecn the Section entitled "Tho United Statos - Ilanhattan Engineer District - 1942" and the Section entitled "Discussion Between Prosident Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill", insert the following Sections 000356 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 2 "The Joint British-Canadian Project In September 1942 negotiations wore completed between tbo United Kingdom and Canada, with the signing of a meaorondiei, for tho establishment of a joint Britieh-Canadian research establishment in Hontreal under the general direction of the national Research Council of Canada. The laboratory wao opened in December 1942 and was in full operation before the signing of the Quebec Agreement in August 1943*" M Paae 6 . sentence 1 Present version: "Jhereas Canada was not signatory to the Agreement, Canadian participation In the joint effort was recognised by the appointment of C D . Howe, a Canadian, as tho sixth member of the Committee*" SurtP.ested amended version I "Uhorcas Canada was not signatory to tho Agreement, sho concurred informally as a participant in the joint effort. The Hon. C D . Howe, Canadian Hinistor of Munitions and Supply, was appointed as the sixthraooberof the Committee." (5) Paige 6 . para. 1 . sentence 1 In place of "Dean C.J. Mackenzie", insert ^Qr* C.J. Hackcnaie, Preoident of the national Research Council of Canada". Comment: Throughout the paper the tltlos of many of the persons named are omitted. The Inclusion of titles in all cases would bo helpful to people unfamiliar with the subject. This would apply particularly if the paper is to be published. (6) Page 6 . para. 2 . oontence 1 Prosent vorsioni "Early in 1943 a largo Canidian-Britieh research establishment had boen set up in Montreal under the general direction of tho national Research Council of Canada." 000357 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 3 Suggested amended version: "In Jteceabor 1942, ae Qontioned above, a a largo Ganadian-Dritieh research cotabliefcaont had been set up in Montreal." P ^ e 6 i, para., 2, ti nentcnce.a,,, After "Wao at that time moved", Insert "to Hontrcal*. Pace 7» commencing with sentence 1 Present version: "In IZay and Juno 1944» General Groves, Jtr James Chadwiofc and Dean Jlackenale mot to discuss the contributions the U.S. would make in tho project. s *ho prienry results of thoso meetings were th© final drafting of the agreement delineating tho r»le of tho U.S. in tho julnt project and the establlohmsnt of the C O . tYergrcen Area Office in flontroal to handle interchange matters. Exchange of information with Canada was limited, the latter having access to information developed at the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Clinton laboratories, but not at Los Alamos and HanfonU" Surestcd aawn ded version: "In Kay and Juno 1944, General tfrovco, Sir J?mcs Chadwicfc and Br. KGCkensi© met to dlscuso the contributions the C O . would make to the i.roject. The primary result of theoe meotinge wao the final drafting of tho agreement delineating the role of tho U.S. in the Joint project. Th© United States established a scientific Uaison office, known ao the Cverjreen Area Office, in Kontreal. exchange of information with Canadn wao limitod, the latter having occeao to some of the information developed at the Metallurgical Laboratory and tho Clinton Laboratories, but not at Loo Alamos ond Hanford." At the end of tbo Section entitled "Canadian Role in Cooperation", insert tho following paragraph! 000358 • * «k �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 4"At the outbreak of tbe war, Canada possessed the only available source of uranium and the only plant capable of refining uranium on tho Rorth American continent. Early in 1942 uranium refined in Canada was made available for the research and development progrmme then underway in the United States, With the establishment of the Manhattan &iginecr District, Canada agreed to make available all Canadian production of uranium for the weapon programme and also agreed to make every endeavour to expand uranium production. This arrangement continued throughout tho war years and is still in effect." (10) Page 8, Section entitled "fhe Combined Development Agency*., last sentence? For "I4r. C C Bateman from Canada", read "Mr, G . C Bateman of the Canadian Ministry of Munitions and Supply". (11) Page 8 .Section entitled "Development of the First Weapon." In sentence 1* delete "and Canada"j delete also, "and Montreal". (12) Page -9, lfartT-la For "and the existence of", read "and of the existence of". (13) Parte 9? commencing with line 7 Present version: "Prior to tbe releaoe of these statements and in view of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information concerning the project to third parties without mutual consent, the three statements had been sent to the other countries for comment. The British approach to th© U.S. releases was considerably more cautious than the American, and the former indicated concern that such full 000359 . . .5 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 5discloouroQ regarding the technical processes for th© production of weapons was contemplated. Althou#i agreement on both tho press release and the Smyth Report wae finally obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on tho releaso of information wao the establishment of a U.S.-U.K. subcommittee to draw up the principles and conditions which would govern tho further release of scientific information concerning the atomic project." Subtest ed amended version; "Prior to the release of these statements, in view of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information concerning the project to third parties without mutual consent, each of the three statements had been sent to the other two countries for coament. The British approach t-> the releases proposed by the U.S. was considerably more cautious than the American, and the British indicated concern that such full disclosures regarding tho technical procosseo for the production of weapons was contemplated. Although agreement on both the press release and the Smyth Report was finally obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on the release of information xfas tho establishment of a U.S.-U.K.-Canada subcommittee to draw up tho principles and conditions which would govern tho further release of scientific information concerning tho atomic project." (14) Page 9. last sentence. "For "President Truman and Prime Minister Attlee met", read "President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee and Prime Minister King met".. • •• 6 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 6 - (15) Page 1 0 . para 1 . sentence 3 Present version: "The Combined Policy Cor^mittee was not ablo to agree on arrangements which the United Statos could regard as consistent with the support of an international control system, end would not agree to agreements *$iich would be contrary to Article 102 of the C C Charter". Suggested amended version: "The Combined Policy Committee was, however, not able to agree on arrangements which were acceptable to all three governments." (1^) Page 11, line 13 Delote the word "had". <17) Pago ll Between the Section entitled "The Organisation of British Atomic Shergy Efforts: The Ministry of Supply" ond the Section entitled "The Establishment of tho United States Atomic Energy Cocsraiseion", insert the following Section: "Tho Organisation of the Canadian Atomic ianer/or Program In June 1946 the Canadian Parliament passed tho Atomic Energy Control Act which, among othor provisions, established tho Atomic Energy Control Board to exercise policy-making and regulatory responsibility under the Privy Council Committee on Scientific and Industrial Research. The Control Board asked the Rational Research Council to continuo the management and operation of the Chalk Rivor establishment, In 1952, because of the increasing industrial aspects of atomic energy, a Crown company, Atomic &iergy of Canada Limited, was incorporated to take ovor these reponsibilitieo from . . .7 000361 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information the National Research Council." (10) Page 12 » Section entitled "Co-Operation Under the Modus Vivendi" (a) In sentence 1 - after "United Kingdom", insert "and Canada". (b) In sentence 2 - after "British", insert "and Canadian". (c) In sentence 4 » in place of "Atomic 2nergy Act", insert "U.S. Atomic Gncrgy Act of 1946", (19) Page is. Section entitled "Security", sentence 2 Present version: "This objectivo assumed greater urgency with the discovery by the British of the Fuchs espionage case in February 1950 (App.K), and of the cases of Bruno Pontecorvo in September 1950 and Donald KacLoan in May 1951." Suggested amended version: "This objective asoumed greater urgency with the discovery of espionage committed by a number of persons entrusted with important secret information." Note; This amendment would have the effect of deleting Appendix K. (20) Page 15. last sentence: Present version: "The atomic energy personnel in the three countries, including personnel that may have access to classified atomic energy information but aJ?e not working directly on atomic energy projects, are given full background investigations comparable to the system adopted by the United States since 1947. (App. L ) " . Suggested amended version: "The atomic energy personnel in the throe countries, Including personnel that may have access to classified atomic energy information but are not working directly • • • # 000362 �' '* Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 0 - on atomic energy projects, are given full background investigations by comparable systems in the three countries." Hotoi This amendment would have the effect of deleting Appendix L. (21) Final page, entitled "KHITK PAPER APPENDICES" Present version of Section F: "F. Canadian Information Service Statement, August 13, 1945 (To be found as App. C of the Smyth Report)". Suggested amended version of Section F: "F. Canadian Statement, issued by the Hon. C D . Howe, August 13, 1945 (To be found as App. & of the Smyth Report)*. 000363 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information y -. DRAFT TOF SliCRET Canadian suggestions f o r amendments to tho f i r s t d r a f t of t h e paper e n t i t l e d "The United S t a t e s - United Kingdom Canadian Collaboration in the Field of Atomic Energy. 1940-1954" (1) Pafie 1, p a r a , } ^ f| | *i t $7-.*F* Present Torsion8 "From 1946 to 194# cooperation between tho three govorataents in the field of atomic energy was ^ ^3 v.~ brought to a virtual standstill. However, by the modus vivondl of January 1946, cooperation between j-v\ the throe governments was revived in limited areas ^ , «-•• consistent with tho agisting legislative authority." Suggested amended versions ^ ^ '..-v r. '- . "^ "From 1946 to 1943 cooperation of the United Kingdom and Canada with the United States in tho field of atoaie ©nor&p was curtailed, although cooperation between the Ifaited Kingdom and Canada continued on an Intinato and complete basis. By tho modus vivendi of January 194#, cooperation of tho United Kingdom and Canada with the United States wao revived in limited areas consistent with tbo existing legislative authority." (2) Page 1. footnote 1/ Present version: "Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada*o Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 1945. Suggested amended version t "Conada,s Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press Statement issued by th© Hon. C D . How©, Hinietor of Reconstruction, August 13, 1945". O) Pa^e 5 Dottrecn the Section entitled "Tho United Statos - Ilanhattan Engineer District - 1942" and the Section entitled "Discussion Between Prosident Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill", insert the following Sections 000356 �*>' . N- TOP SECRET 4s*Z.&>» Draft Numbered Letter to the Canadian Embassy, Washington, D. C Referencet Your letter Ho* 1495 of August 19, 1954 Atomic Ener^r: White Paper on the History of Tripartite Co-operation Attached are six copies of our suggestions for amendments to the draft paper on Tripartite collaboration in the field of atomic energy. 17111 you please transmit these suggestions to the appropriate U.S. authorities. Tou may also wish to give a oopy to Sir Roger Makins. 2. Our suggested amendment Ho. 15 perhaps requires some explanation. The two reasons given In the draft paper for the failure of the Combined Policy Committee to agree on arrangements for "full and effective cooperation" are unsatisfactory, and the simplest method of dealing with them appeared to be to delete them altogether. The first reason - that the Combined Policy Committee was not able to agree on arrangements whioh the Baited States oould regard as consistent with the support of an international control system - is somewhat misleading. In fact, the paused by failure to agree appears to have been/the unwlllihgness of the U.S. to exchange information on Industrial "know-how* $ .... 2 000364 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 2 - in particular, the U.S. did not *«ant to give the U.K. the teohnloal Information necessary for the construction of atomic energy plants In the U.K. The second reason, concerning agreements contrary to Article 102 of the C N . Charter, Is ambiguous. V/ho would not agree, the Combined Policy Committee or the United States? In any case, why suggest that any of the three nations might have ignored the U.N. Charter? 3. When the question of publication comes up, you can take the position that the Canadian Gevarnmsnt is In favour of publication, but does not insist upon it. If it is decided that the paper should be published, the would prefer Canadian Government ^oawOcelot that this should be done on a Tripartite basis. (The U.S. authorities have already agreed to this, as reported in your letter No. 339 of March 2, 1954,) V/e would wish to release the paper simultaneously with the U.S. and the U.K. If they each publish a separate YJhite Paper, ws would probably do likewise. In any discussion of possible publication dates, it should be borne In mind that we would require a minimum of three weeks to produce a tfhlte Paper hers after receiving the final text. 4. Incidentally, we should appreciate lt if the final text which you send us could Include the Appendices in the form in which they are to be published. We are and not sure that wa have them all, Xaxaayxsasa wa think that the final text should be complete in all respects so that there can be no possibility of a mistake. Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs 000365 �i de,,hMm!,to, m, M Defence l i a i s o n (1) C.DocnrfreMniffnlgifPSh'TCrtu * a™ t o Hfg *«' * ' K. de \a Loi sur I'acces I'information \,.' S - TOP SECRET jif Our f i l e : 50219-AF-40 J% ot,tawa > November 22,1954. «fKj> <JW Thei PPrreessiiddeenntt,, Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited, Room 474, No. 4 Building, Ottawa. " / - / / a i d A P ~ */<> \ 5 ° *• • ' " " j y i C Atomic Energy Co-operation Thank you for your letter of September 17 containing your suggestionsfor amendments to the draft of the proposed history of atomic energy cooperation, which was prepared by the United States authorities.. 2. The Canadian suggestions for amendments to the paper have been prepared in draft form in the light of the comments made by you and other interested people. I am enclosing a copy of the suggestions, together with a copy in draft form of a letter to the Canadian Embassy in Washington, under cover of which I propose to send the suggestions to the Embassy for transmittal to the U.S. authorities. 3. I hope that the suggestions and the covering letter to the Embassy take care of the points raised in your letter of September 17. I should be grateful to have your confirmation that this is so, or any changes which you may care to suggest. -AW&Under-Secretery of State l ' for External Affairs 000366 �"M O T A" '—" IN YOUR REPLY PLEASE QUOTE B y H a n d * & % % * Z ^ ^ J F " ^ A T O $ T ^ g | p : R G Y OF CANADA LIMITED «» OFFICE TOP OF THE PRESIDENT ?> X d SECRET 5gL Wh ' D e a r Bill i r " " • • 3 ? ^ C / y - iff A ^/C* 73 .. ^ 1 OTTAWA % ^ * ^ i s4tefn^^Mi#1954. ™ , S D OCUMENT.^^18^6C. r . CONSISTS OF Copy NO .5. / . , pf., ^ / PAGES Cooiss, ^ r l e s . y ^ . . '"""""""" *""J"""""^"•'•'m.Djm. With r e f e r e n c e to the United States draft of the proposed h i s t o r y of atomic energy c o - o p e r a t i o n , I have d i s cussed t h e draft with D r . G. C . L a u r e n c e of the Chalk R i v e r P r o j e c t , who, as you know, was a s s o c i a t e d with our work f r o m i t s inception. I a m enclosing a copy of a m e m o r a n d u m which D r . L a u r e n c e h a s written m e in comment on the United States draft. I s h a r e D r . L a u r e n c e ' s views as to the inadvis ability of s t r e s s i n g s e c u r i t y violations in the United Kingdom (page 13), if no mention i s to be made of s i m i l a r violations in the United S t a t e s , It would s e e m p r e f e r a b l e to avoid specific r e f e r e n c e to individuals and to substitute the g e n e r a l language which D r . L a u r e n c e has s u g g e s t e d . The section on the Canadian r o l e in c o - o p e r a t i o n m a k e s no mention of our contribution of r a w m a t e r i a l s . It m a y be that this is a d e l i b e r a t e omission s i n c e , if r e f e r e n c e is m a d e 000367 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information - 2 - to Canada's contribution of u r a n i u m , some mention shovild a l s o be m a d e of the Belgian contribution. In any c a s e , it is m y view that Canada should be given c r e d i t for its r o l e in this p a r t of the p r o g r a m m e . I s u g g e s t , t h e r e f o r e , that the following be i n s e r t e d as the final p a r a g r a p h of the section 'Canadian Role in C o - o p e r a t i o n ' : "At the outbreak of the w a r , Canada p o s s e s s e d the only available s o u r c e of u r a n i u m and the only plant capable of refining u r a n i u m o n the North A m e r i c a n continent. E a r l y in 1942 u r a n i u m refined in Canada was m a d e available for the r e s e a r c h and development p r o g r a m m e then underway in the United States,. With the establishment of the Manhattan Engineer D i s t r i c t , Canada a g r e e d to m a k e available all Canadian p r o d u c tion of u r a n i u m for the weapon p r o g r a m m e and also a g r e e d to m a k e e v e ry endeavour to expand u r a n i u m p r o d u c t i o n. This a r r a n g e m e n t continued throughout the war y e a r s and is still in effect." If it is the intention of the United States to r e l e a s e a White P a p e r on " G o - o p e r a t i o n " , I believe that a . s i m i l a r paper 000368 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information mm - should be r e l e a s e d in Canada. 3 - However, I do not think that we should p r e s s for such a r e l e a s e u n l e s s a document can be produced t h a t is entirely acceptable to the t h r e e p a r t i e s . The section on s e c u r i t y in the proposed draft, as now w r i t t e n , will undoubtedly give offence to the United K i n g d o m . If a g r e e m e n t cannot be r e a c h e d on a satisfactory wording, the r e l e a s e of the paper might do m o r e h a r m than good at this p a r t i c u l a r stage in.our r e l a t i o n s . Yours s i n c e r e l y M r . W. H . B a r t o n , D e p a r t m e n t of E x t e r n a l Affa i rs , Ottawa, Ontario. Encl. 000369 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Nuclear Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Draft history / revisions / 9 DECEMBER 1954 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-12-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDTT00055 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived "The United States-United Kingdom-Canadian Collaboration in the Field of Atomic Energy, 1940 - 1954," n.d. [1954], LAC, RG 25, vol. 5957, file no. 50219-AF-40, part 1. atomic energy C.D. Howe C.J. Mackenzie Combined Policy Committee Manhattan Engineer District National Research Council tripartite UN Charter