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Defence Liaison (1) £ E H 8 .
DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS,
^ m
CANADA.
xcess to Information Act .oi sur I'acces a I'information
(FILE
COPY)
NUMBERED LETTER
TO
Security:. ^ p . BE0-RE5?
The" Cana*d______' Bmbass y,
No:
Washington,' "l)'."6V"
FROM: THE UNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR'
EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, OTTAWA, CANADA.
Reference
1954.
Your' ietter'No'.' 'i'495'of * August' 15',
Subject
Atomic'Energy:
.Dw ... JM &.<y....
%^e^)ecBmtrer • -9,- •19641 •
Air^r Surface Mail;
Post File No:
Ottawa File No.
White'Paper on"the History'of Tripartite'
Co-operation
References
/
(with oopy of
"B" a t t a c h e d )
t ^ e p . t p Cabine
!#fes. ,/AECB
E P €S . iA.E.of
Canlida,Ltd.
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{&odm 572,
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(6 copies of "A" (attached) enclosed with
this letter to Washington)
Attached are six copies of our suggestions
for amendments to the draft paper on Tripartite
collaboration in the field of atomic energy. Will you
please transmit these suggestions to the appropriate
U.S. authorities. You may also wish to give a copy
to Sir Roger Makins.
Ism.
2.
Our suggested amendment No. 16 perhaps requires
some explanation. The two reasons given in the draft
Montreal)' j, paper for the failure of the Combined Polioy Committee
jA'.A to agree on arrangements for "full and effective oooperation" are unsatisfactory, and the simplest method
V^ 1
of dealing with them appeared to be to delete them altogether. The first reason - that the Combined Policy
Committee was not able to agree on arrangements whloh
the United States could regard as consistent with the
support of an international control system - is somewhat
misleading. In fact, the failure to agree appears to
have been caused by the unwillingness of the U.S. to
exchange information on industrial "know-how"; in
particular, the U.S. did not want to give the U.K. the
technical information necessary for the construction
of atomic energy plants in the U.K. The second reason,
Internal
concerning agreements contrary to Article 102 of the
Gradation/" £, \A U.N. Charter, is ambiguous. Who would not agree, the
SSEA [ZYJIfanol. " Combined Policy Committee or the United States? In any
to naejky: t o ^
case, why suggest that any of the three nations might
mister)
have ignored the U.N. Charter?
Info. Div;
•
Commonwealth M v . 3 >
When the question of publication comes up, you
American Div.
can take the position that the Canadian Government is in
D.L.(2) Div.
A favour of publication, but does not insist upon it. If
r'V it is decided that the paper should be published, the
Canadian Government would prefer that this should be done
(above w i t h ^
on a Tripartite basis. (The U.S. authorities have already
copj/kf "B"
agreed to this, as reported in your letter No. 389 of
attached)
March 2, 1954.) We would wish to release the paper
simultaneously with the U.S. and the U.K. If they each
publish a separate White Paper, we would probably do
Distribution
likewise. In any discussion of possible publication
to Posts
dates, it should be borne in mind that we would require
(with encl.
a minimum of three weeks to produce a White Paper here
»$" attached)
after receiving the final text.
v#6ndon (2)
o
*
Ext. 181B (Rev. 2/52)
• • a • £J
000342
�Document disclosed under the Access to In)
Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a
I'information
- 2 -
4.
Incidentally, we should appreciate it if
the final text which you send us oould Include the
Appendices in the form In which they are to be
published. We are not sure that we have them all,
and we think that the final text should be complete
In all respects so that there can be no possibility
of a mistake.
R.A.MacKftt
of State
\hUnder-Secretary
for External Affairs
000343
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act - O
Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'&kes a I'information
>y. %
„/.,
TOP SECRET
C a n a d i a n suggestions f o r amendments
to the first draft of the paper entitled
"The United States - United Kingdom C a n a d i a n C o l l a b o r a t i o n i n the Field
of Atomic Energyo 19IfO-195)+'*
Present versions
ifft^ik/li'flT il <
"From 19^6 t o 191+8 cooperatio n b e t w e e n the three
governments i n the field ,of atomic 'energy w a s brought t o a
v i r t u a l standstill,, However, b y the' modus" v i v e n d i of January
191+8," cooperation b e t w e e n the three governments wa;s revived
I n limited areas consistent w i t h t h e existing legislative
authority."
Suggested amended versions
"From 19^6 t o 1 9 ^ 8 cooperation of the United Kingdom and Canada w i t h the United States i n the field o f atomic
energy w a s curtailed, a l t h o u g h cooperatio n b e t w e e n t h e United"
Kingdom and Canada continued o n a n intimate and complete b a s i s .
By the modus v i v e n d i of January 1 9 ^ 8 , cooperation of the United
Kingdom and Canada w i t h the United States w a s revived i n '
limited areas consistent w i t h the existing legislative a u t h o r i t y . "
(2) Page 1. footnote 1/
Present versions
"Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada's
Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 19^5<>
Suggested amended versions
"Caiiada's Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press Statement issued b^: the Hon. C.D0 Howe, Minister of Reconstruction,
August 13, 19M-5"c
(3) Page 4
Between'the Section entitled "The United States Manhattan Engineer" District - 19lf2" and the Section entitled
^Discussion Between President Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill", ihsert the following Section;
"The Joint British-Canadian Project
In September 19^2 negotiations were completed
between the United Kingdom and Canada, with the signing of
a memorandum, for the establishment of a joint BritishCanadian research establishment in Montreal under the general
direction of the National Research Council of Canada. The
laboratory was opened in December 19*+2 and was in full
operation before the signing of the Quebec Agreement in
August 19^3."
Present versions
"Whereas Canada was not signatory to the Agreement,
Canadian participation in the joint effort was recognized by
000344
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 2 the appointment of C D . Howe, a Canadian, as the sixth member
of the Committee0"
Suggested amended versions
"While Canada was not signatory to the Agreement,
she concurred informally as a participant in the joint effort. .
The Hon. C D . Howe, Canadian Minister of Munitions and Supply,
was appointed as the sixth member of the Committee."
(5) Page
5a para.
2
a
sentence 1
In place of "Dean C.J. Mackenzie", insert "Dr. C.J.
Mackenzie, President of the National Research Council of Canada".
Comments Throughout the paper the titles of many of the
persons named are omitted. The inclusion of titles' in'all'
cases would be helpful to'people unfamiliar with the subject".'
This would apply particularly if the paper is to be published.
(6) Page
5
a para. 3 „ sentence 1
Present versions
"Early in 19*+3 a large Canadian-British research
establishment had been set up in Montreal under the general
direction of the National Research Council of Canada."
Suggested amended versions
"In December 19*+2, as mentioned above, a large
Canadian-British research establishment had been set up in
Montreal."
*
(7) Page 5 . para. 5 „ sentence 2
After "was at that time moved", insert "to Montreal".
(8) Page 5, para. 5, commencing with sentence 5
Present versions
"In May and June 19M+, General Groves, Sir James Tlhadwick
and Dean Mackenzie met to discuss the contributions tT$£ U.S.
would'make In the project. The primary results of these
meetings were the final drafting of the agreement delineating
the role of the U.S. in the joint project and the establishment
of the U.S. Evergreen Area Office in Montreal to handle interchange matters. Exchange of information with Canada was limited,
the latter having access to information developed at the
Metallurgical Laboratory and the Clinton Laboratories, but not
at Los Alamos and Hanford."
Suggested amended versions
"In May and June 1 9 ^ , General Groves, Sir James Chadwick
and Dr. Mackenzie met to discuss the contributions the U.S.
would make to the project. The primary result of these
meetings was the final drafting of the agreement delineating
the role of the U.S. in the joint project. The United States
established a scientific liaison office, known, as the Evergreen
Area Office, in Montreal. Exchange: of information with Canada
was limited, the latter having access to some of the information developed at the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Clinton
Laboratories, but not at Los Alamos and Hanford."
000345
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 3(9) Page &
At the end of the Section entitled'"Canadian Role in
Cooperation", insert the following paragraph;
"At the outbreak-of the war, Canada possessed the ""
only available source of uranium and the"only plant capable of
refining uranium on the North American continent". Early "in
19^-2 uranium refined in Canada was made available for the '
research and development programme then underway in the United
States. With the establishment of the Manhattan Engineer "'District, Canada agreed to make available ail Cahadian "production of uranium for the weapon programme and also"agreed to
make every endeavour to expand uranium production. This
arrangement continued throughout the war years and is still in
effect."
(10) Page fra Section entitled "The Combined Development Agency".
last sentence s
For "Mr. G,C. Bateman from Canada", read "Mr. G.C, Bateman
of the Canadian Ministry of Munitions and Supply".
(11) Page G* Section entitled "Development of the First Weapon."
In sentence 1- delete "and Canada"; delete also, "and
Montreal".
(12) Page 7} P^^o-
A
, ^c^M^~<^
/
For "and the existence of", read "and of the existence of".
(13) Page 7 /
m<^m7C^.
3
Present version;
"Prior to the release of these statements and in view of
the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information concerning
the project to third parties without mutual consent, the three
statements had been sent to the other countries for comment.
The British approach to the U.S. releases was' considerably
more" cautious'than the American, and the former indicated
concern that such full disclosures regarding the technical
processes for the production of weapons was contemplated.
Although agreement on both the press release and the Smyth
Report was finally obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on the release of information was the establishment of a
U.S.-U.K. subcommittee to draw up the principles and conditions
which would govern the further release of scientific information concerning the atomic project."
Suggested amended versions
"Prior to the release of these statements, in view of the
agreement at Quebec not to reveal Information concerning the
project to third parties without mutual consent, each of the
three statements had been sent to the other two countries for
comment. The British approach to the releases proposed by
the U,S. was considerably more cautious than the American, and
the British indicated concern that such full disclosures
regarding the technical processes for the production of
weapons was contemplated. - Although agreement on both the
press release and the Smyth Report was finally obtained, the
final outcome of this discussion on the release of information
was the establishment of a U.S.-U.K.-Canada subcommittee to
000346
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
-If
-
draw up the principles and conditions which"Would govern the "
further release of scientific information concerning the atomic
project."
JL.
"For "President Truman and Prime Minister Attlee met",
read "President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee and Prime
Minister King met".
(15) Page <f tt para. 3u . sentence 1
Present versions
"On November 16, another statement, which was not
made public, was signed by the Chiefs of State of the United"
States, the United Kingdom, and Canada, which declared ....".
Suggested amended version?
"On November 16, another statement, which was not
made public, was signed by President Truman, Prime Minister
Attlee and Prime Minister King, which declared ....".
Comment % The President of the United States is Chief
of State, but the Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom and
of Canada are not.
(16) Page £\
para. <Sk . sentence 3
Present versions
"The Combined Policy Committee was not able to agree
on arrangements which the United States could regard as
consistent with the support of an international control system,
and would not agree to agreements which would be contrary to
Article 102 of the U.N. Charter".
Suggested amended versions
"The Combined Policy Committee was, however, not able
to agree on arrangements which were acceptable to all three
governments."
(17) Page f. ^&*~ut . /. -£»-_/
s^>s3L~~-^
Delete the word "had".
(18) Page f
Between the Section entitled "The Organization of
British Atomic Energy Efforts; The Ministry of Supply" and
the Section entitled "The Establishment of the United States
Atomic Energy Commission", insert the following Sections
"The Organization of the Canadian Atomic Energy Program
In June 19^6 £'he Canadian Parliament passed the
Atomic Energy Control Act which, among other provisions,
established the Atomic Energy Control Board to exercise
policy-making and regulatory responsibility under the Privy
Council Committee on Scientific and Industrial Research,
000347
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
The Control Board asked the National Research Council
to continue the management and operation of the Chalk River
establishment. In 1952, because of the increasing industrial
aspects of atomic energy, a Crown company, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, was incorporated to take over these responsibilities from the National Research Council,"
(19) Page /o. Section entitled "Co-Operation Under the Modus Vivendi"
(a) In sentence 1 = after "United Kingdom", insert
"and Canada".
(b) In sentence 2 - after "British", insert "and
Canadian".
(c)
In sentence h - in place of "Atomic Energy Act",
insert "U.S, Atomic Energy Act of 19^6*!.
m
(20) Page //
Present version;
"This objective assumed greater urgency with the discovery
by the British of the Fuchs espionage case in February 1950 ' • ' ••
(App.K), and of the cases of Bruno Pontecorvo in September 1950
and Donald MacLean in May 1951«."
Suggested amended versions
"This objective assumed greater urgency with the discovery
of espionage^ committed by a number of persons entrusted with
important secret information."
Notes This amendment would have the effect of deleting
Appendix K.
(21) Page // . last sentences
Present versions
"The atomic energy personnel in the three countries,
including personnel that may have access to classlfied'atomic
energy information but are not workingiMrectly on atomic
energy projects," are given full background "investigations""
comparable to the system adopted by the United States since
19^7. (App, L ) " .
Suggested amended versions
"The atomic energy personnel In the three countries,
including personnel that may have access to classified atomic
energy information but are- not working directly on atomic
energy projects, are given full background investigations
by comparable systems in the three countries."
Notes This amendment would have the effect of deleting
Appendix L,
(22) Final page, entitled "WHITE PAPER APPENDICES"
Present version of Section Fs
"F.
Canadian Information Service Statement, August 13,
19*+5 (To be found as App, 8 of the Smyth Report)".
Suggested amended version of. Section F;
"F. Canadian-Statement a issued by the-Hon. C D . Howe,
August 13, 1945 (To be found as App. 8 of the
Smyth Report)".
000348
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
IP SECRET
ri
* '*
mmmm no SECRET
SI A SECRET
THE UNITED STATES-UNITED KINGDOM-CANADIAN COLLABORATION
IN THE FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY
1940 - 1954
rap SECRET
000381
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
y -.
DRAFT
TOF SliCRET
Canadian suggestions f o r amendments
to tho f i r s t d r a f t of t h e paper e n t i t l e d
"The United S t a t e s - United Kingdom Canadian Collaboration in the Field
of Atomic Energy. 1940-1954"
(1)
Pafie 1, p a r a , }
^ f|
|
*i
t $7-.*F*
Present Torsion8
"From 1946 to 194# cooperation between tho
three govorataents in the field of atomic energy was
^
^3 v.~
brought to a virtual standstill. However, by the
modus vivondl of January 1946, cooperation between
j-v\
the throe governments was revived in limited areas
^ , «-••
consistent with tho agisting legislative authority."
Suggested amended versions
^
^
'..-v r. '-
. "^
"From 1946 to 1943 cooperation of the United
Kingdom and Canada with the United States in tho field
of atoaie ©nor&p was curtailed, although cooperation
between the Ifaited Kingdom and Canada continued on an
Intinato and complete basis. By tho modus vivendi of
January 194#, cooperation of tho United Kingdom and
Canada with the United States wao revived in limited
areas consistent with tbo existing legislative authority."
(2) Page 1. footnote 1/
Present version:
"Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada*o
Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 1945.
Suggested amended version t
"Conada,s Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press
Statement issued by th© Hon. C D . How©, Hinietor of
Reconstruction, August 13, 1945".
O)
Pa^e
5
Dottrecn the Section entitled "Tho United Statos - Ilanhattan
Engineer District - 1942" and the Section entitled
"Discussion Between Prosident Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill", insert the following Sections
000356
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 2 "The Joint British-Canadian Project
In September 1942 negotiations wore completed
between tbo United Kingdom and Canada, with the signing
of a meaorondiei, for tho establishment of a joint
Britieh-Canadian research establishment in Hontreal
under the general direction of the national Research
Council of Canada. The laboratory wao opened in
December 1942 and was in full operation before the
signing of the Quebec Agreement in August 1943*"
M
Paae 6 . sentence 1
Present version:
"Jhereas Canada was not signatory to the
Agreement, Canadian participation In the joint effort
was recognised by the appointment of C D . Howe, a
Canadian, as tho sixth member of the Committee*"
SurtP.ested amended version I
"Uhorcas Canada was not signatory to tho
Agreement, sho concurred informally as a participant
in the joint effort. The Hon. C D . Howe, Canadian
Hinistor of Munitions and Supply, was appointed as the
sixthraooberof the Committee."
(5) Paige 6 . para. 1 . sentence 1
In place of "Dean C.J. Mackenzie", insert ^Qr* C.J. Hackcnaie,
Preoident of the national Research Council of Canada".
Comment:
Throughout the paper the tltlos of many of the
persons named are omitted.
The Inclusion of titles in
all cases would bo helpful to people unfamiliar with the
subject.
This would apply particularly if the paper is
to be published.
(6) Page 6 . para. 2 . oontence 1
Prosent vorsioni
"Early in 1943 a largo Canidian-Britieh research
establishment had boen set up in Montreal under the
general direction of tho national Research Council of Canada."
000357
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 3 Suggested amended version:
"In Jteceabor 1942, ae Qontioned above, a
a largo Ganadian-Dritieh research cotabliefcaont had
been set up in Montreal."
P ^ e 6 i, para., 2, ti nentcnce.a,,,
After "Wao at that time moved", Insert "to Hontrcal*.
Pace 7» commencing with sentence 1
Present version:
"In IZay and Juno 1944» General Groves, Jtr James Chadwiofc
and Dean Jlackenale mot to discuss the contributions the
U.S. would make in tho project.
s
*ho prienry results of
thoso meetings were th© final drafting of the agreement
delineating tho r»le of tho U.S. in tho julnt project and
the establlohmsnt of the C O . tYergrcen Area Office in
flontroal to handle interchange matters. Exchange of
information with Canada was limited, the latter having
access to information developed at the Metallurgical
Laboratory and the Clinton laboratories, but not at
Los Alamos and HanfonU"
Surestcd aawn ded version:
"In Kay and Juno 1944, General tfrovco, Sir J?mcs Chadwicfc
and Br. KGCkensi© met to dlscuso the contributions the
C O . would make to the i.roject. The primary result of
theoe meotinge wao the final drafting of tho agreement
delineating the role of tho U.S. in the Joint project.
Th© United States established a scientific Uaison office,
known ao the Cverjreen Area Office, in Kontreal.
exchange
of information with Canadn wao limitod, the latter having
occeao to some of the information developed at the
Metallurgical Laboratory and tho Clinton Laboratories,
but not at Loo Alamos ond Hanford."
At the end of tbo Section entitled "Canadian Role in
Cooperation", insert tho following paragraph!
000358
• * «k
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 4"At the outbreak of tbe war, Canada
possessed the only available source of uranium
and the only plant capable of refining uranium
on tho Rorth American continent.
Early in 1942
uranium refined in Canada was made available for
the research and development progrmme
then underway
in the United States, With the establishment of
the Manhattan &iginecr District, Canada agreed to
make available all Canadian production of uranium
for the weapon programme and also agreed to make
every endeavour to expand uranium production. This
arrangement continued throughout tho war years and
is still in effect."
(10) Page 8, Section entitled "fhe Combined Development Agency*.,
last sentence?
For "I4r. C C
Bateman from Canada", read "Mr, G . C
Bateman of the Canadian Ministry of Munitions and Supply".
(11) Page 8 .Section entitled "Development of the First Weapon."
In sentence 1* delete "and Canada"j delete also, "and
Montreal".
(12) Page -9, lfartT-la
For "and the existence of", read "and of the existence
of".
(13) Parte 9? commencing with line 7
Present version:
"Prior to tbe releaoe of these statements and in view
of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information
concerning the project to third parties without mutual
consent, the three statements had been sent to the
other countries for comment. The British approach to th©
U.S. releases was considerably more cautious than the
American, and the former indicated concern that such full
000359
. . .5
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 5discloouroQ regarding the technical processes for
th© production of weapons was contemplated.
Althou#i
agreement on both tho press release and the Smyth
Report wae finally obtained, the final outcome of
this discussion on tho releaso of information wao
the establishment of a U.S.-U.K. subcommittee to
draw up the principles and conditions which would
govern tho further release of scientific information
concerning the atomic project."
Subtest ed amended version;
"Prior to the release of these statements, in view
of the agreement at Quebec not to reveal information
concerning the project to third parties without
mutual consent, each of the three statements had been
sent to the other two countries for coament. The
British approach t-> the releases proposed by the U.S.
was considerably more cautious than the American, and
the British indicated concern that such full disclosures
regarding tho technical procosseo for the production
of weapons was contemplated. Although agreement on
both the press release and the Smyth Report was finally
obtained, the final outcome of this discussion on the
release of information xfas tho establishment of a
U.S.-U.K.-Canada subcommittee to draw up tho principles
and conditions which would govern tho further release
of scientific information concerning tho atomic project."
(14) Page 9. last sentence.
"For "President Truman and Prime Minister Attlee met",
read "President Truman, Prime Minister Attlee and
Prime Minister King met"..
• •• 6
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 6 -
(15) Page 1 0 . para 1 . sentence 3
Present version:
"The Combined Policy Cor^mittee was not ablo to
agree on arrangements which the United Statos
could regard as consistent with the support of
an international control system, end would not
agree to agreements *$iich would be contrary to
Article 102 of the C C
Charter".
Suggested amended version:
"The Combined Policy Committee was, however, not
able to agree on arrangements which were acceptable
to all three governments."
(1^)
Page 11, line 13
Delote the word "had".
<17)
Pago ll
Between the Section entitled "The Organisation of
British Atomic Shergy Efforts:
The Ministry of
Supply" ond the Section entitled "The Establishment
of tho United States Atomic Energy Cocsraiseion", insert
the following Section:
"Tho Organisation of the Canadian Atomic ianer/or Program
In June 1946 the Canadian Parliament passed
tho Atomic Energy Control Act which, among othor
provisions, established tho Atomic Energy Control
Board to exercise policy-making and regulatory
responsibility under the Privy Council Committee on
Scientific and Industrial Research.
The Control Board asked the Rational Research
Council to continuo the management and operation of the
Chalk Rivor establishment,
In 1952, because of the
increasing industrial aspects of atomic energy, a
Crown company, Atomic &iergy of Canada Limited, was
incorporated to take ovor these reponsibilitieo from
. . .7
000361
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
the National Research Council."
(10) Page 12 » Section entitled "Co-Operation Under the Modus Vivendi"
(a) In sentence 1 - after "United Kingdom", insert
"and Canada".
(b) In sentence 2 - after "British", insert "and
Canadian".
(c) In sentence 4 » in place of "Atomic 2nergy Act",
insert "U.S. Atomic Gncrgy Act of 1946",
(19) Page is. Section entitled "Security", sentence 2
Present version:
"This objectivo assumed greater urgency with the
discovery by the British of the Fuchs espionage
case in February 1950 (App.K), and of the cases
of Bruno Pontecorvo in September 1950 and Donald
KacLoan in May 1951."
Suggested amended version:
"This objective asoumed greater urgency with the
discovery of espionage committed by a number of
persons entrusted with important secret information."
Note; This amendment would have the effect of deleting
Appendix K.
(20) Page 15. last sentence:
Present version:
"The atomic energy personnel in the three countries,
including personnel that may have access to classified
atomic energy information but aJ?e not working directly
on atomic energy projects, are given full background
investigations comparable to the system adopted by the
United States since 1947. (App. L ) " .
Suggested amended version:
"The atomic energy personnel in the throe countries,
Including personnel that may have access to classified
atomic energy information but are not working directly
• • • #
000362
�'
'*
Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
- 0 -
on atomic energy projects, are given full background
investigations by comparable systems in the three
countries."
Hotoi
This amendment would have the effect of deleting
Appendix L.
(21) Final page, entitled "KHITK PAPER APPENDICES"
Present version of Section F:
"F.
Canadian Information Service Statement, August 13,
1945 (To be found as App. C of the Smyth Report)".
Suggested amended version of Section F:
"F.
Canadian Statement, issued by the Hon. C D . Howe,
August 13, 1945 (To be found as App. & of the
Smyth Report)*.
000363
�Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information
y -.
DRAFT
TOF SliCRET
Canadian suggestions f o r amendments
to tho f i r s t d r a f t of t h e paper e n t i t l e d
"The United S t a t e s - United Kingdom Canadian Collaboration in the Field
of Atomic Energy. 1940-1954"
(1)
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Present Torsion8
"From 1946 to 194# cooperation between tho
three govorataents in the field of atomic energy was
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brought to a virtual standstill. However, by the
modus vivondl of January 1946, cooperation between
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the throe governments was revived in limited areas
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consistent with tho agisting legislative authority."
Suggested amended versions
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"From 1946 to 1943 cooperation of the United
Kingdom and Canada with the United States in tho field
of atoaie ©nor&p was curtailed, although cooperation
between the Ifaited Kingdom and Canada continued on an
Intinato and complete basis. By tho modus vivendi of
January 194#, cooperation of tho United Kingdom and
Canada with the United States wao revived in limited
areas consistent with tbo existing legislative authority."
(2) Page 1. footnote 1/
Present version:
"Canadian Information Service Statement, "Canada*o
Role in Atomic Bomb Drama", August 13, 1945.
Suggested amended version t
"Conada,s Role in Atomic Bomb Drama" - Press
Statement issued by th© Hon. C D . How©, Hinietor of
Reconstruction, August 13, 1945".
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5
Dottrecn the Section entitled "Tho United Statos - Ilanhattan
Engineer District - 1942" and the Section entitled
"Discussion Between Prosident Roosevelt and Prime Minister
Churchill", insert the following Sections
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Draft Numbered Letter to the Canadian Embassy,
Washington, D. C
Referencet
Your letter Ho* 1495 of August 19, 1954
Atomic Ener^r:
White Paper on the History of Tripartite Co-operation
Attached are six copies of our suggestions for
amendments to the draft paper on Tripartite collaboration
in the field of atomic energy.
17111 you please transmit
these suggestions to the appropriate U.S. authorities. Tou
may also wish to give a oopy to Sir Roger Makins.
2.
Our suggested amendment Ho. 15 perhaps requires
some explanation. The two reasons given In the draft paper
for the failure of the Combined Policy Committee to agree
on arrangements for "full and effective cooperation" are
unsatisfactory, and the simplest method of dealing with
them appeared to be to delete them altogether.
The first
reason - that the Combined Policy Committee was not able
to agree on arrangements whioh the Baited States oould
regard as consistent with the support of an international
control system - is somewhat misleading. In fact, the
paused by
failure to agree appears to have been/the unwlllihgness
of the U.S. to exchange information on Industrial "know-how* $
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in particular, the U.S. did not *«ant to give the U.K.
the teohnloal Information necessary for the construction
of atomic energy plants In the U.K. The second reason,
concerning agreements contrary to Article 102 of the
C N . Charter, Is ambiguous. V/ho would not agree, the
Combined Policy Committee or the United States?
In any
case, why suggest that any of the three nations might
have ignored the U.N. Charter?
3.
When the question of publication comes up, you
can take the position that the Canadian Gevarnmsnt is In
favour of publication, but does not insist upon it. If
it is decided that the paper should be published, the
would prefer
Canadian Government ^oawOcelot that this should be done
on a Tripartite basis.
(The U.S. authorities have
already agreed to this, as reported in your letter No.
339 of March 2, 1954,) V/e would wish to release the
paper simultaneously with the U.S. and the U.K. If they
each publish a separate YJhite Paper, ws would probably
do likewise.
In any discussion of possible publication
dates, it should be borne In mind that we would require
a minimum of three weeks to produce a tfhlte Paper hers
after receiving the final text.
4.
Incidentally, we should appreciate lt if the
final text which you send us could Include the Appendices
in the form in which they are to be published. We are
and
not sure that wa have them all, Xaxaayxsasa wa think
that the final text should be complete in all respects
so that there can be no possibility of a mistake.
Under-Secretary of State
for External Affairs
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Our f i l e :
50219-AF-40
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ot,tawa
> November
22,1954.
«fKj> <JW
Thei PPrreessiiddeenntt,,
Atomic Energy of Canada, Limited,
Room 474, No. 4 Building,
Ottawa.
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Atomic Energy Co-operation
Thank you for your letter of September 17
containing your suggestionsfor amendments to the
draft of the proposed history of atomic energy cooperation, which was prepared by the United States
authorities..
2.
The Canadian suggestions for amendments to
the paper have been prepared in draft form in the
light of the comments made by you and other interested
people. I am enclosing a copy of the suggestions, together with a copy in draft form of a letter to the
Canadian Embassy in Washington, under cover of which
I propose to send the suggestions to the Embassy for
transmittal to the U.S. authorities.
3.
I hope that the suggestions and the covering
letter to the Embassy take care of the points raised
in your letter of September 17. I should be grateful
to have your confirmation that this is so, or any
changes which you may care to suggest.
-AW&Under-Secretery
of State
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for External Affairs
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With r e f e r e n c e to the United States draft of the
proposed h i s t o r y of atomic energy c o - o p e r a t i o n , I have d i s cussed t h e draft with D r . G. C . L a u r e n c e of the Chalk R i v e r
P r o j e c t , who, as you know, was a s s o c i a t e d with our work f r o m
i t s inception.
I a m enclosing a copy of a m e m o r a n d u m which
D r . L a u r e n c e h a s written m e in comment on the United States
draft.
I s h a r e D r . L a u r e n c e ' s views as to the inadvis ability
of s t r e s s i n g s e c u r i t y violations in the United Kingdom (page 13),
if no mention i s to be made of s i m i l a r violations in the United
S t a t e s , It would s e e m p r e f e r a b l e to avoid specific r e f e r e n c e to
individuals and to substitute the g e n e r a l language which D r .
L a u r e n c e has s u g g e s t e d .
The section on the Canadian r o l e in c o - o p e r a t i o n
m a k e s no mention of our contribution of r a w m a t e r i a l s .
It m a y
be that this is a d e l i b e r a t e omission s i n c e , if r e f e r e n c e is m a d e
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to Canada's contribution of u r a n i u m , some mention shovild a l s o
be m a d e of the Belgian contribution.
In any c a s e , it is m y view
that Canada should be given c r e d i t for its r o l e in this p a r t of
the p r o g r a m m e .
I s u g g e s t , t h e r e f o r e , that the following be
i n s e r t e d as the final p a r a g r a p h of the section 'Canadian Role
in C o - o p e r a t i o n ' :
"At the outbreak of the w a r , Canada p o s s e s s e d
the only available s o u r c e of u r a n i u m and the only plant
capable of refining u r a n i u m o n the North A m e r i c a n
continent.
E a r l y in 1942 u r a n i u m refined in Canada
was m a d e available for the r e s e a r c h and development
p r o g r a m m e then underway in the United States,.
With
the establishment of the Manhattan Engineer D i s t r i c t ,
Canada a g r e e d to m a k e available all Canadian p r o d u c tion of u r a n i u m for the weapon p r o g r a m m e and also
a g r e e d to m a k e e v e ry endeavour to expand u r a n i u m
p r o d u c t i o n.
This a r r a n g e m e n t continued throughout
the war y e a r s and is still in effect."
If it is the intention of the United States to r e l e a s e
a White P a p e r on " G o - o p e r a t i o n " , I believe that a . s i m i l a r paper
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should be r e l e a s e d in Canada.
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However, I do not think that
we should p r e s s for such a r e l e a s e u n l e s s a document can be
produced t h a t is entirely acceptable to the t h r e e p a r t i e s .
The
section on s e c u r i t y in the proposed draft, as now w r i t t e n , will
undoubtedly give offence to the United K i n g d o m .
If a g r e e m e n t
cannot be r e a c h e d on a satisfactory wording, the r e l e a s e of
the paper might do m o r e h a r m than good at this p a r t i c u l a r
stage in.our r e l a t i o n s .
Yours s i n c e r e l y
M r . W. H . B a r t o n ,
D e p a r t m e n t of E x t e r n a l Affa i rs ,
Ottawa,
Ontario.
Encl.
000369
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Nuclear
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Draft history / revisions / 9 DECEMBER 1954
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1954-12-09
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PDF
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en
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CDTT00055
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"The United States-United Kingdom-Canadian Collaboration in the Field of Atomic Energy, 1940 - 1954," n.d. [1954], LAC, RG 25, vol. 5957, file no. 50219-AF-40, part 1.
atomic energy
C.D. Howe
C.J. Mackenzie
Combined Policy Committee
Manhattan Engineer District
National Research Council
tripartite
UN Charter