https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/f4fa4404fecd869bad959d916b3d875e.pdf 9474dbcc3bed4d1a14fda61023c0ac76 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to In] Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces < (|| DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Subject 3 7-f/-~7 &K./±2. Date JulY...M* 1?6.9 £ 7-//- Publication K x T1 .....The .%«»*—»1 , L Glotfe ,& Mail JIHMWWWIW'.i.l I Study finds opposition to ABM in Europe By TERRANCE WILLS Globe and Mail Correspondent WASHINGTON- —The NATO allies in Europe are generally opposed to the Safeguard anti-ballistic missile system, according to a study released yesterday by the Atlantic Institute. "The European reaction to BMD (ballistic missile defense) has on the whole been unfavorable," said a 50-page booklet published by the private institute. The argument weighing most heavily against BMD that it accelerates the arms race and thus will worsen East-West political relations. "Many Europeans regard it as an attempt to buy a superfluous margin of American security at the expense of Europe, at the same time introducing a new element of European inferiority into the alliance." The institute, with headquarters in Paris, . was founded in 1961 to promote co-operation among the Atlantic countries. Its board is composed of 50 eminent persons from 18 nations. The study was made for the institute, by Dr. Lawrence Martin, professor of war studies at King's College, University of London. Copies were released in Washington yesterday as the Senate went into a secret session to debate the Nixon Administration's proposed $10.8-billion ABM system. The study criticized the Administration of President Lyndon Johnson for announcing the Sentinel ABM system, forerunner of Safeguard, without prior consultation with the European NATO countries: "It appeared" as an affront casting. doubt on the whole ^concept of consultation. "The ommission seems to have been intentional, reflecting a correct anticipation that European reaction would be unfavorable, and that extended debate could do nothing to bring consensus but might very well reinforce the already heated controversy within the United States." According to Dr. Martin, the main European argument against Safeguard is that "NATO has never devised or been willing to pay for a strategy for fighting a war in a way that can offer much prospect of survival to Western Europe. Europe thus both depends upon and fears American deterrent power. . . . "At least at first sight, BMD seems to be entirely concerned with fighting wars rather than deterrence. This has assured it a chilly reception in Europe." Under President Richard Nixon's Safeguard proposal, ABMs would be deployed to protect U.S. ground-based retaliatory missiles against a Russian first strike, and to protect part of the U.S. population against a light Chinese attack. "Many Europeans regard American fears of China's embryonic nuclear force as exaggerated and fail to see why deterrence by offensive weapons should not work in this case also," the study said. On the possibility that Safeguard will speed the arms race, it said: "Critics of BMD , fear • that by eroding confi-' dence in the- adequacy of retaliatory, force, BMD will inspire a new phase of the arms race to which there is no natural stopping place as would be the case if nations had no active defenses and if offensive missiles were invulnerable ta pre-emption." ARMS rONW.-H AND DiCA-i * 000107 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur Tacces a Tinformation DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS Subject. Date A(km... J.Uly....I&,....19.6.9 Private Meeting Requested • by Foes of Safeguard in ": Bid to Sway Colleagues PENTAGON CHART SHOWN Symington Says He'll Ask to ;• Bar Public Again in Effort 'to Answer Arguments By JOHN W; FINNEY . Special to The N«w.York Ttm« WASHINGTON, July 17 — [•The opposition took the initiative in the debate oh the antiballistic missile issue by calling the Senate into an unusual closed, session "today to • con•, sjder; secret information that j Was described as critical of the Administration's proposed Safeguard system. ". . , For nearly • six .hours, the Seriate met in.private in what the opposition believes imay prov^ to be the decisive session iii the debate.' .In a debate, that has droned on for nine days before a largely'Vacant Senate chamber, it was.certainly the best attended " session. If only because of .tlie -'novelty of a closed-sessions, as many as; 90 Senators showed up on the floor. .., All the doors were locked except two to the cloak room , a t the rear of the Senate chamber, and the doorkeepers permitted only Senators to enter j and leave through them. t Will See* New Session ij The Senate leadership hj'" hoped to complete the clos|cj debate in one session. But jib he left the chamber, Senata Stuart Symington, a leaden bj the* opposition to Safegu/tJ said that he would reques le'ast one 'more closed sessi, Publication •In the first sessionjJie_saMi, *tte7 opposition, attempted to answer "all the infonhation and "a"little misinformation" presented b y the Administration. -But in the course of the secret - debate,'he said; "a lot of things wSre said" that'needed tb be %ns%efed.furtherE. it-was the.fourth.closed ses~ sion. of the- Senate since World War All and it was conducted , in rigorous'privacy,'with only * the; Senators and' a' few- Of-; ' ficials, . such ais the parliamentarian and the legislative Eelefk,;, present. Excluded were the;Senate and committee aides wfto normally lounge in the - back of the chamber,'ready .to give information to the legislators. Some Senators found them-seiyes handicapped without access to', the " customary whispered adviced from their aides. For a white the • cloakrooms had to shut off incoming telephone' calls from v curious aides' so that the Senators could plate outside calls for inf ormation!and advice.. ""Among those excluded were the*: page'" boys,1' leaving the . Senators without anyone to get theih glasses of water as they spoke. .'.. | It was partly to attract othlr '-Senators;to hear its case thit V t h e opposition decided upon la Vlosed session, which, under tne *; Continued on Page 9,Column! ASMS COa-TCQL j o'SAm ! 2 X/XAD TM... New. York..Times Secret Data on ABM Discussed By the Senate in Closed Session 1 Continued From Page J, Col. 1 Mike Mansfield of Montana, acknowledged "the odds slightrules,.can be ordered by an ly.favpr the administration" but individual senator. insisted it was "still a.toss-up." * Normally not much 'secret in- Mr. Mansfield's appraisal was formation is discussed in closed influenced by reports that'Senasessions.- After one last Octo- ator Edward W.rBroofce, Re-: ber, also-on the antimissile is- publican- of Massachusetts, was sue, virtually the entire discus- preparing to support fee Safesion was published. . guard system if the AdministraI But aside from attracting a tion would adopt his proposal substantial number of Senators, that the United States and the a closed session permits the Soviet Union enter into a mutuSenators to talk wlth.more can- al moratorium i on the testing of dor- than When .there is an multiple missile warheads.-. • audience In the galleries. •" Senatar Brooke denied the The; closed session was re- reports, saying that he still opquested by Senator Symington, posed hut was largely so that he could-present hopeful deployment, that tte Administration a secret Pentagon chart that he would agree contends undermines the Ad- moratorium. to such a test ministration's case for the SafeIt was apparent, however, guard system. the Administration was atThe Administration contends that tempting- to wear- Senator that safeguard is necessary to Brooke away from the opposiprotect the deterrent, force pf tion.1 The Senator recently, reMinuteman missiles against the ceived a communication; growing numbers of Soviet SS- the President1, suggesting from that 9's, large intercontinental mis- the Administration was presiles that the pentagon believes pared to" discuss such a morawill be armed with three in the forthcoming talks highly accurate, five-megaton torium With the Soviet Union"; on the warheads. control of strategic arms. .-••"•• ' The chart shows how many. Minuteman missiles could be b Foes Need More Votes saved by Safeguard as the So- It appeared, however, that viet Union builds up to the the Administration would have force of 420 SS-9's projected by to give a more specific comthe Pentagon for 1975. mitment to a moratorium-if it • But, according' to Senator was to bring Senator Brooke Symington, the chart' also around.". shows that the Soviet Union could easily overwhelm If the opposition is! to prevail, and nullify the planned' Safe it must pick :up two-or. three guard system by adding re- wavering or uncommitted Senlatively : few SS-9 missiles to ators, such as Clinton P. Anderson of New. Mexico and Warits attacking • force. , ren G. Magntison of Washing: 1 An easel was taken into the ton, both Democrats, or John J.chamber so that Senator Symington could display, the ..chart. Williams, Republican of DelaVice President Agnew was pre- ware.. It was.'at .such .'uncomsiding, and as Senator Albert mitted senators that the discusGore of Tennessee, an opposi- sions today was largely aimed tion leader, put it "later, "We by the opposition." placed the chart so he could The debate, as described by see it well." Senators leaving the chamber In advance of the ses- from time to time, turned into sion, Senator John C. Stennis, an argument between/the Sochairman of the Armed Services viet . threat, stressed by proCommittee, predicted-that the Administration forces, and the Administration's plan to start opposition rebuttal that t the deploying the Safeguard sys- Safeguard system was not. detem would be approved.with- signed to meet.the threat, even out change or compromise. if it materialized. V* Senator Stennis reportedly Nixon Aide Confident yielded the floor to Senator "In a showdown the Senate Henry M.JackSOn,.Dem'ocrat of would not take this awajr from Washington, a member of the the President," the Mississippi Armed Services and Atomic EnDemocrat asserted at a news ergy Committees, to present the conference in the Senate press case for the Safeguard system. gallery. According to his colleagues, The same confidence was ex- Senator Jackson, using intellihibited by a White House aide, gence information, stressed the Kenneth E. Belieu, who,' as he potential military capability of paced the Senate corridors, was the Soviet Union, particularly telling reporters, i"We have the in increasing its SS-9 missile votes." *-' ' n force and in building a fleet_of The Senate majority leader, nuclear submarines. 000108 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDBM00288 Title A name given to the resource Transcript from Globe and Mail Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 7/18/1969 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25-A-3-c, file 27-11-7, "DEFENCE - CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR ARMAMENTS - ANTI - BALLISTIC MISSILES (ABM) = DEFENSE - ARMEMENTS DE TYPE CLASSIQUE ET NUCLEAIRE - ENGINS ANTIMISSILES (ABM)," vol. 10357, part 6, Library and Archives Canada, (LAC). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource External Affairs Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Anti-ballistic missiles Description An account of the resource Study Finds Opposition to ABM in Europe Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en