https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c63a2181f7a5845c2cd7b6596b16381d.pdf f2aa8a921bed3b9bebe29c78447677ea PDF Text Text rJI . .,,,,:' • I ' C.Ui.AD.A IN THE WORLDTOD'.lY • By ' Honorable Lester \15 March 1951+) B. Pearson c- - , - . L~ L, GENERAL CRAIG, It is a pleasure Canadian Minister ', 'L., -:.A to welcome tl'Je to Wash1ngto~ and al$o Admiral De Wolf, ' Starr, the Chairman of the Canadian Joint to the National ,, War College. Our speaker this Lester is the Honorable of State tor External I am sure he is known by reputation to all of you. effort secretary B. Pearson, or Canada. afternoon His appearance on our part, an ef'fort of several this is, as Mr. Pearson leader I understand., an to find · years,. Indeed, Mr. Pearson.•s could addr~ss our college. that at least here today culminates time when ~o busy an international is so heavr Affairs schedule his second\ address J today; attb.oon he spoke before the National We are, Press &ub. \ .,,_ therefore, here this grateful especially lI . to him for co1l\ling I afternoon~ \ ' Mri Pearson served as a career ... officer in the Canadian Foreign. ·service for twenty years prior to his \-' present app~~ntment in 1948. He knows the United States well f'rom many visits and several assignment or Ambassador being that United States from 1944 to 1946. of the Canadian delegation cisco which formulated attend~nce capacity Mr. Pearson has had a the Charter, at every session of the General in addition first to the conference as a member at San Fran- and by his record of the General ~ssembly since the United Nations was formed. President for Canada to the 1n the United Nations, very keen interest ; tours of duty, his last In 1952 he was elected as .Assembly and served in that to his duties as his country's Foreign Minister. It is a very high privilege Pearson to this the Colleges. platform and present f'.or meto welcome Mr. him to the members of ;, i Mr. Pearson. 000414 I \ Il �! .. - 2 .. MR. PEARSON: General Craig and gentlemen:- glad that these efforts which have now extended, over so many months have finally Cra.ig said, I am as General been succes stul, and that I have been able to appear bet.ore you today. am particularly National glad that Press Club • I am here after an hour at the .Any speech to you after going to be in the nature of relaxation I that hour is and even almost recreation. I understand that the procedure normally 1s for the speaker to talk for a while, then to submit himself glad to fall part rather not too long I hope, and to you for questioning. in with that procedure. I am·very I like the questioning than the set speech because it gives better me a chance to find out what you are interested subject the general As that a concerning which I have been talking. or fact, matter is to subject 1n about be. I em not quite as the choice of subject discuss with you informally, connected or possibly I couldn't do much better, Possibly insofar sure what 1s concerned,than and I am atraid even coherent fashion, to in a not very some or the problems of Canadian-.A.merican relations. As General Craig has said, I know this country pretty well, I like and that to th1nk that personally approach these problems from our end with a feeling only of some knowledge or this country people or this United States of friendship country. when I was in college here and play hockey,. relations and that to the when we used to come down We lost has temp9rarily with that introduction or the Those were the days when Canada was the world champion in hockey{ Russia, they have to) but and understanding I got my first not {nearly all Canadians have some knowledge of the United States; also with a feeling I can country, that last week to thrown a·shadow over our which have never been very good in any event. 000475 ,,.-: . I �....3 I followed that introduction up by attempting to make a fortune stockyards the first after the Air Force. effort capacity war when I was demobilized for Oxford University. as General Craig has saidt as the servant Then I in an ~official of the Canadian Government in the Affairs. service and I had six or seven years, in Washin.gton, some first-hand experience It was. a happy and I hope a for me. As a matter or fact, I like to think of Canadian- American relations in terms of the particular that used to exist between Mr•. Hickerson of yo~ We knew each other myself. endangering our friendship, relationship staff and so well that we could row without and we have had many rows in That, in a sense,- is the way we carry on our our time. affairs I in the conduct ot experience Canadian-.American ·relations. helpful During the years or my Department of External did acquire from I went from the sublime to the ridiculous the stockyards came back here, quickly in the Chicago That was a very short and unsuccessful on my part. by leaving to .American life generally, shouldn't though possibly use the word ttrow". when I generalize But we do have our differences and we do solve them; and the solutions bitterness l hardly ever leave or ill-feeling. We are probablf more conscious of that fact in Canada than you are here because the problems we have with you loom very large in our national existence, with the tremendous world responsibilities in this country, important. your relations would be surprising the fact you have to face with us are not nearly so But there are problems and they are growing in number and in complexity course, while naturally between our two countries. if this out of our history, were not so. They arise, It of out ot our geography and out of that we are associated with you today in a free 000476 �.. ·- ·~ ... 4 - world alliance to preserve the peace, of which you aro the mighty leaders and we are, I hope, a respectable The history for some or the of Canada 1s in one sense responsible difficulties in the days ahead. that we face, and will face 1n your eyes may not seem Our history to be very exciting. phrases member. It is usually disposed as the "125 years of peace", boundary" and all that sort of ~hing. in such of and "the unguarded It ·1s true, something any Canadian should be very happy about, know .Americans are,that countries that catch and it 1s as I we have had peace between our two for 14o•odd years; though of course for most of time we in Canada weren•t in a position to do very much about it because we were a colony of the United Kingdom. But for 140 years we have not fought again~t each other; have only fought together last against others. war between us was the War or 1812, might be considered little unofficial overtime. during which I suppose But though we have had this it has,been, (and this peace with friction of trouble As you know, the as having ended in a draw, af'ter a peace for ll.f-0years, appreciated) that time. always ian•t because we have had lots That makes the tact that we kept the peace during those years far more important it would otherwise there 1s nothing than be; anybody can keep the peace when to row about, . but to keep the peace with at the same time is an achievement. friction 30 or 40 years, In the last of the century, that between our two countries. improvement Most of the stood between us in the 19th century, the d1f'f1cult1es, removed. since the beginning there has been a very definite in the relations things w~ Then just going along pretty jealousies, worries and frictions at the time everything smoothly, where we find ourselves a lot of were seemed to be the world got into the state today; having fought two wars, we have to face the possibility of another one. 000477 �! _,j I· ..._,_: - 5We have formed this to do it able times - a coalition at the other In that such a tragedy_. are the leader time - I am sorry we weren't as· I have said, coalition, and we are a member. with the United States arising bilateral out of that but out of our position probiems (if problems multilateral you like, ones). you We have problems coalition. we have also problems with the United States, of the coalition, to prevent not arising on this you can call These bilateral And continent, the former problems, which I have said are ffl)Wing in number and complexity, concerned largely stronger, 1s looming larger national country although has gone forward as we get stronger these problems; there by leaps today we are the third all and is attracting of the North -American continent, forward (and, things are only trading make for differences problems of trad~; of communications and intertar more interest .As we get a ·and as we develop as our trade 15 million and bounds in recent largest nation goes of us, it years until in the world) and difficulties problems of development, and problems {the St. Lawrence seaway is one example), and problems of how to deal with Communist subversion threats are Canada 1s getting than used to be the case. more powerful, our half that in the continental scheme of things, 1n this little with the fact out and to safety. our trade problems can be summarized very quickly. On our part, it is a problem United States. or selling more goods in the Last year we bought from the United States something over $3 billion worth of goods, more than you sold to the whole of South .America; and we sold rouoh less in this market. recent Canada. The gap between our buying and our selling years has been effectively I think it is interesting of view it is very satisfactory in met by your investment in to know, from our point to know, that such is your 000478 �,., ,,.' - 6 - confidence all your foreign billion, investments, country that mental interference, any governmental except that which 1s supplied good government, there. Now you have a big financial trading stake, your investments up one question time, this you, very closely before stake in Canada. defense. At the single that we have with the United now work, as I hardly need to together on continental defense Ever since the Ogdensburg tgreement, that, made their in 1938 when Mr. Roosevelt reciprocal Declarations, of the two countries been recognized; a recognition of fact, recognition, has reflected these problems of joint defense of this responsibility continent has which is merely itself machinery which has grown up 1n recent indeed, and Mackenzie King the joint for the defense and that 1s ot which you would expect continental field The two countries questions. you have a big is one of the most important problems in the bilateral tell and in the and to keep them staket concern to you) a big defense me to say something about; States. direction and I think you also have (and this That brings of the ony govern- good enough in the provincial sphere to attract more direct i15 in Canada by, as we think, Federal present as I see it, brought about without without of about $5 to the north, That is a very good.example, kind of mutual aid; one-third an amount approaching is in your neighbour billion. right or our in the future in certain years through which can be faced and I hope solved by working together. We have a very successful in the United States-Canada We have equally successful between our starfs of all this services, Permanent Joint and satisfactory Board on Defense. arrangements in Washington and in Ottswa. 1s, I suppose, two armed services; piece of such machinery that (and this which I like the cooperation applies to think The result between our also to our diplomatic are a branch ot defense), is 000479 J �.....,.· - 7,,.,. I j I think, closer countries than that in the world. But all this between the services 'lnd may it does, of any free continue that way. raise soma political or course, problems for us of a kind trom which you are !ree because of the different nature It 1s, for instance, aggerate of your position in a sense (and I don 1 t want to ex- the importance of this) Canada to have United States though that soil a political troops is not foreign countries. in other in the relationship. on her own soil, in the sense that We are conscious are asked questi.ons problem for about that of that even 1s it fact. We in our House of Commons every time they read in the newspapers that United States forces have moved in for some kind of exercise with us on somo kind of joint establishment. something we as a government, re~ponsible have to keep in mind. of United States trouble get in the press in Canada. kind of thing, gets in the press. That is to public op1n1on, The same kind of problem arises installations about that or worked When things and we don't If there we hear about it; go all right, out 1s any it it doesn't hear very much about it. We have, for instance, the leased bases which we took over when Newfoundland became part of the Canadian Federation. We were obliged to, and we were quite happy to take over the commitments that Newfoundland had under- taken during the war, by which the United States bases. In return was gi•1en the United.Kingdom was given destroyers. Under international law we had to take over those obli- gations, and there was no complaint and this is illustrative about that. But-- of the way we work these problems out -- we went to the people in Washington and we said, uwhile you are entitled to all you had under the old agreement, bility for this, it the rights and privileges and we accept the responsi- is going to be a little more difficult for us now that Newfoundland is a part of Canada than it 000480 �- 8 ) was when Newfoundland was a colony under the direction of the United Kingdom. alter problem? •• •" And that was done. by which .tmerican forces Canada, and there is increased of both countries as continental important leads me to another own centers of population activity on the part scheme of things. .And What are we doing to primarily, I think, your (because they would be the number one target if there were trouble) protect against ourselves in defence becomes more subject; with you to protect are also other are stationed joint in the international cooperate which helped problem in Canada. · .As no doubt some of you know, there arrangements poli- By voluntary here the bases agreement was modified, us meet a political that after with us, which will help us meet this discussions action anything you can do to arrangement of your own free will, this tical Is there but also to air bombardment from the north, something that has become rar more important was a year or two ago because of developments now than it behind the iron curtain. Today we are working out with the United States defense authorities A southern a scheme of early warning radar protection. chain which 1s now completed has 33 stations; middle chain along the ;; way, is a joint possible bility parallel, which is now under of the. two countries; cha.in is now under investigation tar in the .Arctic. problems, We are, project 0 strategic I think, In till this a third as to its there solving them in a satisfactory But behind these radar defense networks, completed, basis, be the parallel there will problems. way. if and as it should be, on a joint for these early warning systems, systems themselves feasi- are technical problems and for us political when they are all a problem of fighter support without which support the 1 would not be or·much use~ 000481 �•• - 9 - That also illustrates joint defense what I mean by saying some of these problems involve us in-pol1t1cal time we in Canada feel, At the present felt here, that own continent of defense line but across as you have is not on our the seas in weetern Europe. without Because any voice in our House of Commons, the North At- dissenting lantic our first that way, we were able to accept, we feel problems. Treaty Organization. of Canadian politics To anybody who knows the history for the "iast fifty something revolutionary; to aoeept the tact on Turkey was an attack the Atlantic across we have an army br.igade group there roughly 300 jet fighters, represents a very considerable interceptor ,strength. overseas, up by '1,llltil today of '?his of our air when these squadrons moved denuded us it practically that in Montreal. ma.de proportion In fact, an attack and an air division jets sabre that We followed on Canada. sending some of our forces that was years, or that kind of support in the north. For us, the problem expresses continental defense becomes more important year or two ago, and if the radar up by interceptor our population to provide squadrons, and other this itself this way: if than it was a chains have to be backed and if,, beqause of our size, things defens~ ourselves we have not the facilities and keep an air division of 12 squadrons 1n Europe, what are we going to do? Bring our squadrons back from Europe where they would have to be replaced by somebody ~lse, .or allow United States to move in1Dour north land and take over that which really responsibility. should be ours because it 1s responsibility ror our soil? to as involving That is the kind of thing I hav~ been referring political in defense matters, standing squadrons problems with which we are faced and which require and good will on both sides a good deal or under- for a satisfactory solution. 000482 �- 10 - S1m1larlt there and cooperation, are economic problems for defense, such things as the implementation in a cold war of the Hyde Park Agreement which worked so well during the "hot•• war, and through which our economic resources, our ind~stria;t continental whole. the utilization were considered resources There was rally no distinction of Canadian resources That kind of thing is a little oerned'with more difficult to do in with you 1ri the broader alliance also partners of N.ATO. As you know, .we are wider search for collective United States inevitable, partner expect sections about.the under the leadership be a feeling or tar hadn't of opinion in C~nada, a feel- direction of' pol1cy .in the coalition of the United states. greater anxiety, when these decisions of this I assure you, it the that that countries (it at what is happening the big, know that control ow hands. Canada at times look with some anxiety, not so), fateful decisions once those decisions or of these -That I think way, why we in would be queer it it were It 1s here in l.'ashington. have to be made. Yet we are nmde, we cannot help from thexn, which we don't. the ma.gnitude of the issues, feel as indeed do your but be involved in them, even if we desired ourselves and. mean peace or atomic war, wtll and I think in an understandable in other a. junior that in making decisions, voice has been taken out of its friends Yet it 1s kind, which at best cannot uneasy by the consciousness explains, But there would take~ th1s leadership. to have a decisive things 1n the Unit~d 1fat1ons. ! suppose, _and not unnatural in a coalition a little security in the still - and I ~ight as well speak frankly about it - in oertain ing of' anxiety come into play. other problems which are con- are.these our partnership There 1s a feeling between .and American resources. peace time because commercial considerations Then there as a to isolate The rea.lization plus the fact wewould 000483 �( ', - 11 J . be involved in any decision or not, consulted causes us at times to wot_ry a little Canada and 1n other however; we worry as much as they do because we know this countries than other peoples do. well, far better able, I hope, to distinguish .. in some of the aspects too disturbed, headlines between froth of your life see some . . We get more in Canada, I suppose, because from a journalistic at your movies. of intensity that the anxiety is a little our feelings directly, I In our case, because we can express So we can as we look across the anxiety a slightly stems from this the responsi- about it. of admiration, There it?, in short, that with the same kind and we get at times for doing anything border with a mixture to arid ve look you have yourselves. go on occasions, country is certainly in the knowledge that we haven't let ourselves I. headlines. we listen screen things different get for our point of view this you do yourselves, the same ki~d of_.anxiety feeling better than in any other We look at these · by ma.ny·of the or these we watch your television your radio, we are and we don't continent •. We see your newspapers, a single so a.nd substance here, l.t might be a little peaco of mind if we didn't bility, country Therefore, though we get disturbed, we read. in countries. I ·don•t·think, in some other which 1s made, whether we were and awe. uncomfortable awareness that escape the eonaquences of any.decision we cannot you may make or may I I not make. unlike 1s also 1nflusnced by the fact This.feeling some countries the last twenty or thirty colonial status. discouraging much as it important is only 1n the last yea.rs, It is a little to find that we had to learn it that that thatt few years, we have emerged from ironical, indeed a little as soon a~ we became independent, independence should have meant; that than independence; didntt really mean as interdependence and that all this 1s more boasted 000484 �/' - 12 - • sovereignty we had achieved from our mother country, United Kingdom, had disappeared, in the international to some extent the et least, commitments which we had to take. We were glad to aecept them, but they did {and I am not complaining about it) new constitutional well.restrict, pretty in fact, our freedom of action. I con express, I think, some or our preoccupations as I want to do 1n a raw made words, with the speech which Mr. nulles/in New York with this matter when I deal, on January 12, and which, as I was telling today, may become one of the most important in our time. a statement I venture of defense the Press Club speeches made about it because it was to talk planning, defense policy, defense dtplomaey or an import far wider than your own boundaries, and I think in that sense 1t is a.ppropriate us who are your friends talked to discuss to say~ This illustrates It 1s just to know what this Certainly of it is being in the press and in public about in our country, as it 1s here, 1t. for the rest what I have. been trying almost as important means - in fact, to us in Canada just as important to us·~ as it is to. you. Mt. Dulles, in New York uttered particular recall, to your friends as a basic principle action, making this speech one sentence which is I think significance said that defense you will the decision and allies. for defense planning had recently or He and been taken in Washington (and I quote his own words) ttto depend primarily upon a great capacity to retaliate instantly by means and at places of' our own choosing.". ta;'hen we. read that just speech in Canada (and we read it as soon as you read it here), at once were "1nstantly 0 , the words that struck us "means", and "our" in the context of "our choosing". Those three words have caused a good deal of speculation across the border, es they have here. 000485 �.•-' . • II • • 13""' is So .far as "our choosing" essential that earlier to prevent war, or if that Indeed, Mr. Dulles himself aggression be able and willing with means of its this collective is for the fr~e community to at places are the other words •instantly" then tor collective ment has to consult 11 sentence), and own choosing". consultation. reconcile that and experience important obligation you have to have friends, Govern- how are you going to for consultation with the other We know in Canada (and I have p~rsonal of this) that in Washington before decisions that affect course, their they make friends, they do -with those triends. very best to ·consult times,of action but But once the United States with its 1nstantly"? l ~hen the processes Washington a~e so exhausting There are of consultation and so exhaustive in that when they are concluded those concerned probably haventt tor consulting time or energy left But with tha~ understandable occasionally their operate, collective only way that free coalition. sultation is taken. action matter; we have. consultation, reservation which and others in \iashingt_on with And that is the c·an be made e:trecti ve in a If it were a Communist coalition, wouldn't partnership action any with anybody else! they do consult before friend.s is in an If "our" means not only -the United States the coalition, their stated to· respond vigor·ously Then there "means". it should fail, part of his speech (I quote f'rom another "The way to deter word surely that word "our" should mean those who have banded together to win war. concerned, but that Yet that con- is not the kind of kind of free. and full which is the only wo.y by which defense and diplomatic cooperation and inevitably will have a bearing because the two things I know that, can be made .effective, planning undoubtedly on the word ttinstantlytt have to be reconciled. even 1_nyour own country, there 1s 000486 �.. - 14.,.. a good deal of worry about the reconciliation retaliation ment. with consultation If that within you can se.e the problems that this new doctrine with, is the third our worries by the knowledge word (I am not complaining "atomic" means. be used, be done and the effect (explosive important it about it.because know) that That raises problems about the occasions when 1t should possibly in more respects it may have. All this seems to me to add up to one thing; which has been important. .now, if this Our pre• word are increased I don't war, when atomic means will diplomacy, in reconciling meanstt. 0 about this may be .the best way to prevent than one) that arise will is obvious) with allies. Then there ttmeans0 ·includes it govern- of immediate overwhelming retaliation with consultation occupation the notional (and it is true, is true of instant· kind of doctrine than ever. in recent is put into By diplomacy years effect,. is more I mean two things. I mean the etfort,~h1ch should be patient to settle with those whom we rear behind the differences If in fact iron curtain. any \tar is now going to bo an overwhelming retaliatorypart is going to result not necessarily atomic war, if any move on .their in that quarreling the best way to prevent the field satisfactory kind of action about this aggression) be done, and if the day of little then surely and persistent, it means we will (I am because it max be 1f that aggressions is going to is over, have to work far harder in of diplomacy to try to work out some kind of arrangement have to operate in that with those against way if things from making diplomacy less important diplomaoy with the Communists), whom we would went wrone. (I am talking So, far of it m~kes it more important. That is one reason why it was wise to have the Berlin conference even though it didn 1 t accomplish very much, and 000487 �... 15' \ ' why I think it 1s wise to have the forthcoming Gene\ta conference. There 1s another kind of diplomacy which 1s now also more important than ever; agreement between friends on policy choosing" will timing so that"our decision, tha_t is, the search for and tactics mean an agreed collective and one which won•t prejudice an emergency. Indeed, agreement within discussion, if this speedy action as I told the press today, the coalition, after to put it bluntly, policy is absolutely of preventing aggression the slogan of other countries be •No annihilation without as good as "No taxation Therefore 1s to work consultation". without are my closing today, friendly or those together. !tis and, indeed, countries between Canada and the United States. 1n that qualifications American accent. in the state that is now more than We in Canada have we have often between the United We have some special for we speak English with an that we Canadians put it that way had in mind was 0 work1ng both sides ot Well, there is a respectable are Jack Hickerson used to say when he was Department, but what we really the street". regard there is easier, - indeed, boasted of the role - ot interpreter - should work surely where cooperation in the past been given the role observations it becomes more countries, and the United Kingdom. almost representation•. - and these than ever that with you, will not any two in the world where cooperation States necessary by the threat associated in the world in which we live important and If you want to put it 1n a catch phrase, collectively. closely in such consultation of immediate and overwhelming devastation important and objective 1s nothing wrong in that; of diplomacy? It is true, in the past a Canadian representative that however, abroad could on 000488 �- 16 - a• be o.f · some. service oocas1ons From owz:ipersonal my experience or interpreter. role in this - and I served in London and in Washington - I found that when I was in Washington I intuitively used to put the.British.point 1n terms an Englishman wouldntt dare do occasionally because he couldn't London I.found English get away with it. myself often they didn't and that of view and But equally.in and automatically r'3ally understand they shouldn't them as well as ve did, telling the the Americans at all, act like that, and 1f they knew they wouldn'tt etc. etc. Recently we have been given a new opportunity Canada to be of some value 1n this the United States don't know this inclined.to field to other countries of the free t~is country in.terms kind of news which they get about it. the headlines, they think there in Canada. By world who of the wrong not l:ooking behind 1s nothing else. So possibly in closing read to you what our own Prime Minister in India. by interpreting country as well as we do, and who.are interpret differently in We know I might just said the other day He ha~ been in lsia on a journey which, from was our point of view in Canada,/a very useful and important trip. to think it has also been·· of some value to I like the United States. not the easiest nice things Before the India~ Legislative audience in the world at this he had this about the United States to say, as a Canadian talking to an .,sian !•The United. States", audience. said Mr. St. Laurent, could have said it in F~ench or English, powerful nation in this .A.swe. see it, of the postwar period, collective the readiness benefit and he "much .the most arrangement, in the light to assume the responsibilities a very great time to say about .~merioans t a.nd on the eve of your military aid for Pakistan leader. lssembly, is its of all the circumstances of the United States of a major power has been to the free world. We who live along 000489 �• 17 r '!It ),I · side of this great and dynamic nation long experience that selfish ever to play this country ambition the United States than to live helpful know from our own international and let is the most un- role, others and it has no other live intercourse. in mutually WhatAver those of us who do not bear the arduous responsibility think or particular from time to time are thankful both through the United states freedom for themselves "As their fury we have special the qual1t1es presented by films that outlook of Through the sound and clamor and behind the blurr~d and popular reason of the .Americans in the fundamental government over the years·. of contemporaty and by instinct others. close neighbors, Which have been reflected their we Canadians people are devoted to peace and and !or all to know and appreciate proposals, experience and its of the role may magazines, picture we in Canada see m'1111ons of good people who are working hard and un; selfishly to build of peace. a good ~nd free These people differ rrom the qualities great or in mine, or, for that society little majori~y·of matter, . in a world in their essential people in your country in any country in the world." Notwithstanding gentlemen, States. our transitory is the reeling I end by putting words which, I hope, won't difficulties, or Canadians for the United t~at in the following thought be m1sund~rstood. relationship is much like that sometimes it is difficult to live with her, it is impossible to live that, without Our between a man and his wite; at all times her. 000490 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deterrence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Look / 15 MARCH 1954 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-03-15 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDTT00022 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Lester B. Pearson speech, "Canada in the World Today," 15 Mar. 1954, LAC, RG 25, vol. 4903, file no. 50115-P-40, part 2. continental defence Dwight Eisenhower General Craig Lester Pearson PJBD US-Canada relations