https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/1ae944fdb2853d2e5652747530f6dc18.pdf 7b93acac63306f7af8cc03b9ffe3c082 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information 3 JIBTS 200-2113-2 TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY ATOMIC VULNERABILITY STUDY OF CANADA THE CITY OF WINNIPEG I Object of the Study Ihis is one of a series of reports on major Canadian cities and targets which provide basic information on enemy capabilities to cause damage to persons and to vital points by atomic attack. This study is not concerned with the probability that such an enemy attack will be made. II Definitions of Terms Used Ground Zero » The point on the ground directly under the point of burst in the air Aiming Point « The point on the ground directly under the point where the bomb is aimed to be burst in the air No Resoue - No organized and trained rescue is carried out, which means effectively that only people who are not trapped or who can escape by their own efforts survive Seriously Injured - Hospitalized persons who would not report to work for a considerable period of time Lightly Injured - First Aid cases who would be able to contribute to their work a few days after the attack Nighttime - The time during which people are in their normal places of residence Daytime - The time during which people are at their normal places of work III Sources of Basic Information (a) Population Information on the nighttime distribution of population was obtained from the Civil Defence Director of the City of Winnipeg. (b) Military Establishments The military establishments important to the national war effort were selected by the Joint Planning Committee. The Establishments in the Winnipeg area are listed in Appendix "A". (°) Other Vital Points Information on other Vital Points was taken from the 1952 List of Vital Points, which is the work of the Interdepart-? mental Committee on Vital Points. Ihe list for the Winnipeg area is given in Appendix "A". 000258 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 2 (d) Scientific Data Basic data on the effects of atomic bomb explosions on people and structures was prepared by the Defence Researoh Board (Scientific Adviser to the Civil Defence Co-Ordinator). Factors Considered in Selecting Aiming Points for Study The effects of an attack on a city vary widely with the location of the bomb burst. As it is not considered practicable to study all possible points of burst, a series of aiming points have been selected which would give the maximum effect on population and on different groupings of Vital Points* The effects of an attack vary widely with the energy released by the bomb. As it is not possible to estimate the energy level of the bomb most likely to be used, separate estimates were made for a bomb yielding the lowest probable energy and the highest probable energy level. The effects on people also vary widely with circumstances of warning and rescue. A series of estimates were therefore made for different conditions of warning and rescue. The estimates made for conditions WITH RESCUE are for ideal rescue conditions with organized and trained rescue teams, in temperate climates and when the atomic attack is unsupported by other weapons. In spite of rescue efforts casualties would tend towards those given for NO RESCUE under severe winter conditions, »r if Chemical Warfare attack were combined with atomic attack or if the spread of fire were extensive. Conditions of visibility would also alter the effect of an attack. Poor visibility would reduce the extent of fire and the number of radiation casualties and would have some effect on the chances of pinpointing the target from the air. All calculations are based on an average clear day with a visibility of about six miles. For the city of Winnipeg an Aiming Point was chosen to give the maximum effect on the nighttime distribution of population. Aiming Points were also chosen to give the maximum collective effect on Vital Points. In the city of Winnipeg these points are so situated that three separate Aiming Points are required if a bomb with the lowest probable energy level were used; two Aiming Points if the highest probable energy level were used. �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRgT CANADIAN EYfeS ONLlf - 3 - V Results of the Study of the City of Winnipeg An attack on the nighttime population of Winnipeg could result in casualties among 30-40$ of the population by a 20 Kiloton bomb depending on conditions of warning and rescue; and 40-65$ for a 100 Kiloton bomb, and cause some damage to Vital Points. A nighttime attack on the different groupings of Vital Points by a 20 Kiloton bomb could cause casualties among 5-10$, 25-40$ and 10-15$ of the population, and cause serious damage to the particular grouping of Vital Points. An attack on the different groupings of Vital Points by a 100 Kiloton bomb could cause casualties among 20-40$ and 15-30$ of the population, and cause serious damage to the particular grouping of Vital Points. (a) Effects on Population "The effect of an attack on the nighttime population is given in Tables I and II for each Aiming Point and for different conditions of warning and rescue. It should be noted that the casualties produced by an attack on one of the groupings of Vital Points causes only very slightly fewer casualties than the optimum Aiming Point for population. (b) Effects on Vital Points A summary of the effect on Vital Points is given in Table III for each Aiming Point. The extent of damage to Vital Points and the effect on their various functions is also described below for each of the Aiming Points. The relative importance of each Vital Point to the Canadian - U.S. war effort is indicated by the category (AA, A, B, or C ) , which is given for eaoh vital point in Appendix "A". A definition of each of the categories is also given in Appendix "A". �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 4 (c) Detailed Discussion of an Attack on Each of the Aiming Points Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point #I-N - Chosen to give maximum effecton population by a 20 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 30-40$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Company Limited - Category C There would be no damage to buildings and contents other than superficial. Production, Overhauling & Repair of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine Works - Category B No damage to buildings and contents other than superficial. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would become casualties. Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A No damage to buildings and contents other them superficial and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Railroad and Rolling Stock Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C No damage to shops and equipment other than superficial. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would become casualties. CNR Transcona - Category C The shops would receive slight structural damage from blast but the probability of fire is low. It is likely that much equipment could be salvaged. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B No damage to buildings or contents other than superficial and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Globelite Batteries Limited - Category C Ihere would be no serious damage to the buildings or contents but there is a possibility of fire. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. 000261 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 5 - • Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A ( (a) Storage facilities would not be damaged by blast or fire. (b) ReFihinjaj facilities would receive no damage. North Star Refihfery 4, Category A (a} Storage facilities woiild not be damaged by blast or fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no damage. Radio Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would not be damaged by blast or fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no damage. Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange - Category A Building and equipment would receive no blast damge other than superficial, but there is a probability of damage by fire. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B No damage from blast or fire and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point #I-N - Chosen to give maximvim effect on population by a 100 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 40-65$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Co Limited - Category C Serious blast damage would be caused to buildings and contents but the probability of further damage by fire is low. It is possible that some equipment could be salvaged. Approximately 5$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Production, Overhauling & Repair of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine Works - Category B These buildings would receive severe structural damage from blast alone and there is a probability of further damage by fire. Little salvage of contents could be expected. Appr6ximatelyel0«15$ of••••••shift on duty would be seriously injured. 000262 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 6 Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A There would be no blast damage to buildings and equipment other than superficial but there is a possibility that fire will occur. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would become casualties. Railroad and Rolling Stock Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C These shops would receive slight structural damage by blast and there is a probability of further damage by fire. If no fire occurs most of the contents could be salvaged. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. CNR Transcona - Category C Shops would be damaged beyond repair by blast and fire and little equipment could be salvaged. Approximately 25-60$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injuredo Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B This building would receive no structural blast damage and the probability of fire is small. It is likely that the contents would receive no serious damage. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Globelite Batteries - Category C This building would be totally damaged by a combination of blast and fire. Little salvage of contents could be expected. Approximately 25-60$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Petroleum F a c i l i t i e s Imperial Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be completely destroyed by blast and fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. North Star Refinery - Category A No damage to refining or storage facilities other than superficial. Radio Refinery - Category A No damage to refining or storage facilities. Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange - Category A Building and equipment would be seriously damaged by blast and the probability of fire is high. Approximately 10-15$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B Slight structural damage would be caused by blast and the possibility of fire is low. It is likely that buildings repairs could be made reasonably quickly and much equipment would be useable. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured* 000263 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY 7 Effect of,a Burst oyer Aiming Point;,#.,2Al - Chosen to give maximum effect on one, grouping of Vitkl Points by a 20 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 5-10$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Stegl Dominion Bridge Co. Limited - Category C Moderate building damage would be caused by blast but the probability of further damage by fire is small. In the case of fire contents damage would be high. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Production, Overhauling & Repair of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine vdorks - Category tf Buildings and contents would be demolished and 100$ of shift on duty killed Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A Buildings and contents would be demolished and 100$ of shift on duty killed. Railroad and Rolling Stock Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C No damage to buildings and contents other than superficial. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. CNR Transcona - Category C No damage to contents and equipment and no casualties i;!..ortg among shift on duty. Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B Buildings and equipment completely destroyed and 100$ of shift on duty would be killed. Globelite Batteries Limited - Category C No damage to building and contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A No serious damage would be caused to storage or refining facilities. North Star Refinery - Category A No damage would occur to storage or refining facilities. Radio Refinery - Category A No damage would occur to storage or refining facilities. 000264 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 8 Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchanges - Category A No damage would occur to buildings or equipment and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B Buildings and equipment completely destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 60-95$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point #2A2 - Chosen to give maximum effect on a second grouping of Vital Points by a 20 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 25-40$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Co. Limited - Category C No damage would be caused to buildings or contents other than superficial. Approximately 1$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Production, Overhauling & Repair of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine Works - Category B No damage would.be caused to buildings and contents other than superficial and no casualties are likely to occur among shift on duty. Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A No damage to buildings and contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Railroad & Rolling Stock Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C No structural buildings damage would be caused by blast or fire. Contents and equipment would not be damaged and less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. CNR Transcona - Category C '••' '•' ' ~''No-dafeage to contents and equipment and no casualties among shift on duty. Batteries ~ Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B No damage to buildings and contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Globelite Batteries - Category C Buildings and contents destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 30-60$ of personnel would be killed or seriously injured. 000265 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 9 - Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities destroyed by blast and fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. North Star Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would receive no damage from blast other than superficial. (b) Refining facilities would not be damaged. Radio Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would receive no damage from blast other than superficial. (b) Refining facilities would not be damaged. Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange . - Category A Severe structural buildings damage would be caused by blast and the probability of fire is high. Salvage of equipment is likely to be small. Approximately 15-25$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B No damage to buildings or contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point #2A5 - Chosen to give maximum effect on a third grouping of Vital Points by a 20 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among / 10 - ^ 15 of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Co. Limited - Category C No damage would be caused to buildings and equipment other than superficial and no casualties would occur among shift on duty. Production, Overhauling & Repair of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine Works - Category B No damage would be caused to buildings and equipment other than superficial and no casualties would occur among shift on duty. 000266 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 10 Aircraft and Aircraft Par"fcs MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A No damage to buildings and contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty. Railroad & Rolling Stock Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C No structural buildings damage would be caused by blast and there is little possibility of fire. Contents and equipment would not be damaged and less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. CNR Transcona - Category C No daihage to contents and equipment and no casualties among shift on duty. Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B No damage to buildings and contents and no casualties expected among shift on duty, Globelite Batteries - Category C Slight structural buildings damage would be caused by blast but possibility of fire is low. Contents damage would be low. Approximately 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would not be damaged by blast or fire. (b) Refining facilities would not be damaged. North Star Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be completely destroyed by blast. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. Radio Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be completely destroyed by blast. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange; - Category A Building and contents would receive no damage by blast other than superficial but there is a possibility that fire would cause some damage. Approximately 5-10$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B No damage to buildings or contents other than superficial, and no casualties would occur among shift on duty. 000267 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 11 Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point #2BI - Chosen to give maximum effect on one grouping of Vital Points by a 100 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 20-40$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Co - Category C Buildings and contents would be destroyed by blast and fire and 100$ of shift on duty killed. Production, Overhauling & Repairs of Aircraft, Accessories & Instruments Standard Aero Engine Works - Category B Buildings and equipment would be destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 45-90$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A Buildings and equipment would be destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 15-30$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Railroad and Rolling S-fcQck Equipment CPR Weston Shops - Category C Shops would receive severe structural damage from blast and the probability of fire is high. Salvage of contents and equipment would be small. Approximately 25-60$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. CNR Transcona - Category C No blast damage would be caused to shops or equipment other than superficial and the possibility of fire is small. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B Buildings and contents would be destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 15-30$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Globelite Batteries - Category C No damage caused by blast to buildings and contents but there.is a possibility of damage by fire. Approximately 5-l<$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. 000268 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 12 Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be destroyed by blast and fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. North Star Refinery - Category A No damage wbuld be caUsed to the storage or refining facilities Radio Refinery - Category A No damage would be caused to the storage or refining facilities Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange- - Category A No blast damage would be caused to buildings or equipment other than superficial and the probability of fire islow. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape RelayjjService s-j/CategopycBts^or--- B This building would receive severe structural damage by blast and there is a probability of fire. Little salvage of contents and equipment oould be expected. Approximately 25-70$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Effect of a Burst over Aiming Point $2B2 - Chosen to give maximum effect on a second grouping of Vital Points by a 100 Kiloton bomb A nighttime attack on this Aiming Point could cause casualties among 15-30$ of the population depending on conditions of warning and rescue (Tables I and II). As daytime population data is not at present available it is not possible to calculate casualties from a daytime attack. Damage to Vital Points is described below: Bridge and Structural Steel Dominion Bridge Co. Limited - Category C There would be little damage from blast and the probability of fire is low. Any serious damage to contents would be the result of fire. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Production, Overhauling & Repairs of Aircraft, Accessories & Instrument; Standard Wero Engine Works - Category B Slight structural buildings damage would be caused by blast but it is likely that most of the equipment could be salvaged. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. 000269 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 13 Aircraft and Aircraft Parts MacDonald Bros. Aircraft - Category A No damage would be caused by blast or fire to buildings and equipment and no casualties would occur among shift on duty. Batteries Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada) Limited - Category B No damage would be caused by blast or fire to buildings and contents. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. Globelite Batteries - Category C Buildings and contents would be completely destroyed by blast and fire and 95-100$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously • injured. Petroleum Facilities Imperial Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be destroyed by blast and fire, (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast, damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. North Star Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be destroyed by blast and fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged by fire. Radio Refinery - Category A (a) Storage facilities would be destroyed by blast and fire. (b) Refining facilities would receive no blast damage other than superficial but could be damaged hy fire. Communications Main Urban Telephone Exchange - Category A Buildings and equipment would be destroyed by blast and fire. Approximately 75-100$ of shift on duty would be killed or seriously injured. Military Establishments Tape Relay Service - Category B Buildings and contents would receive no damage other than superficial. Less than 5$ of shift on duty would be seriously injured. iS 000270 �. , Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information X TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 14 (e) Effects on Morale It is expected that the effect on morale in large centres of population in Canada, and at least the northern parts of the United States, would be much the same whichever city is attacked by an atomic bomb, Ihe effect will probably be somewhat proportionate to the size of the casualties inflicted by individual bombs and by the number of cities attacked. ' VI Air Navigation Aspects of an Attack With the equipment at present available to the Russian Long Range Air Force, Winnipeg would not be a difficult target to locate under any weather conditions for a well trained navigator not familiar with the area. Accuracy in identifying specific Aiming Points is a more critical aspect. However the Vital Points in Winnipeg are distributed over the city, and an atomic explosion over many parts of the city would cause serious damage to both Vital Points and Population, though of a lesser magnitude than described by this report. 000271 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP sur T? TABLE I - CASUALTY ESTIMATES - CITY OF tllMiOSG C/atiDL'JT EYSS NIGHTT11.-E ATTACK 20 K i l o t o n Bomb 100 K i l o t o n Bomb Aiming Poinfe y IN - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on P o p u l a t i o n Killed Seriously In.iured Lightly Injured No Warning - No Rescue 69,100 23,000 16,500 No ".-arning - No Rescue No N a m i n g - With Rescue 44,100 32,800 21,000 With Warning - With Rescue 55,500 23 ,'100 17,500 Killed Seriously Injured Lightly Injured 145,800 30,000 18,200 No Warning - With Rescue 83,400 52,200 29,000 With Warning - With Rescue 66,900 33,800 20,700 Aiming P o i n t ft 2A1 - Chosen t o Give Maximura Effect on One Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 Kiloton Bomb Aiming Point ir 2B1 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on One Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 K i l o t o n Bomb No Warning - No Rescue 7,000 6,200 4,800 No Warning - No Rescue 7.3,800 28,000 20,000 No Warning - With Rescue 2,200 7,600 5,600 No Warning - With Rescue 28,800 42,500 27,600 With Warning - With Rescue 1,200 5,000 4,000 With Warning - With Rescue 18,400 25,900 16,700 2 000272 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a /'information TOP SECRET TABIE I - CASUALTY ESTIMATES - CITY OF " IKITIPEG CANADIAN EYES ONLY NIGWTTIME ATTACK 20 K i l o t o n Bomb 100 K i l o t o n Bomb Aiming P o i n t ft 2A2 - Chosen t o Givo Maximura Effect on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 K i l o t o n Bomb Killed Seriously Injured Ughtly Injured No Warning - No Rescue 68,800 24,200 17,000 No Warning - With Rescue 38,300 35,200 With Warning - With Rescue 29,300 24,600 Aiming Aiming P o i n t >y-2B2 - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 Kiloto n Bomb Killed Seriously Injured Lightly Injured No Warning - No Rescue 46,000 24,300 18,400 22,400 No Warning - With Rescue 17,500 31,800 23,300 18,500 With Warning - With Rescue 11,400 21,200 17,200 Point if 2A3 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on a T h i r d Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 K i l o t o n Bomb No Warning - No Rescue 13,200 10,900 8,800 No Warning - With Rescue 9,400 14,400 10,600 With Warning - With Rescue 6,800 9,700 7,700 000273 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET TABIE II - CASUALTIES AS PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION* CANADIAN EYES ONLY NIGHTTIME ATTACK 20 K i l o t o n Bomb 100 K i l o t o n Bomb Aiming Point ft 1 - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on P o p u l a t i o n Killed Seriously Injured Killed Lightly Injured Seriously Injured Lightly Injured No Warning - No Rescue 25 10 5 No Warning - No Rescue 50 10 5 No Warning - With Rescue 15 10 5 No Warning - With Rescue 30 20 10 With Warning - With Rescue 15 10 5 With Warning - With Rescue 25 10 5 Aiming P o i n t if 2A1 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on One Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 K i l o t o n Bomb No Warning - No Rescue /_ 5 No Warning - With Rescue /_ 1 With Warning - With Rescue / 1 L* L* L* L* L* L* Aiming Point # 2B1 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on One Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 Kiloton Bomb No Warning - No Rescue 25 10 5 No Warning - With Rescue 10 15 10 With Warning - With Rescue 5 10 5 • • • Ct 000274 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a /'information TOP SECRET TABLE I I - C.'.SUAHHES AS PERCENTAGE Qu' POPULi'.TION X CAHADL.N EYES 01ILY NIGHTTIIIE ATTACK 20 K i l o t o n Bomb 100 Kiloton Bomb Aiming Point f 2A2 - Chosen to'Give--iaaximum E f f e c t on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 Kiloton Bomb Killed jeriously Injured Aiming Point ii 2B2 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 K i l o t o n Bomb Ligiitly Injured Killed Seriously Injured Ligiitly Injured No Warning - No Rescue 25 10 5 No Warning - No Rescim© 15 10 5 No Warning - With Rescue 15 10 10 No Warning - With Rescue 5 10 10 With Warning - With Rescue 10 10 5 With 'Warning - With Rescue 5 5 5 Aiming- P o i n t # -2A5 - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on a T h i r d Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 20 K i l o t o n Bonib No Warning - No Rescue 5 5 Z.5 No Warning - With Rescue / 5 5 5 With Warning - With Rescue / 5 / 5 x Based on 284,000 - within 5 mile r a d i u s . / 5 The population of the metropolitan area is 354,100 of t h e c i t y proper i s 235,700 000275 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TABLE I I I - SUIl^RY OF EFFECT ON VITAL JOINTS TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY Aiming Point if I-N - Chosen t o Give Maxiraum E f f e c t on P o p u l a t i o n b y a 20 K i l o t o n Bomb V i t a l Point Vital Point Category MacDonald B r o t h e r s A i r c r a f t A I m p e r i a l Refiner y 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refining F a c i l i t i e s A North Star Refinery 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refining F a c i l i t i e s -'A Radio Refinery 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s Structural Damage by B l a s t (fo) Probability of Fire 0 None 0 0 None None 0 0 None None 0 None 0 None 0 Med Telephone Exchange A Tape R e l a y Servic e B 0 None Standard Aero Engine Works B 0 None 2B 0 None C 0 None Dominion Bridge With F i r e No F i r e - 0 50 - 75 0-25 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 <n* 0 50 - 75 0-25 50-75 0-25 A 2) Refining F a c i l i t i e s Ray - 0 Vac Damage t o C o n t e n t s ^ CPR Weston Shops C 0 None Globelite Batteries C 0 Med CNR Transcona C / 25 Low . 000276 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TABIE I I I - SUMMARY OF EFFECT ON -VITAL POINTS TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY Aiming P o i n t ?fI-N - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on P o p u l a t i o n by a 100 K i l o t o n Bomb V i t a l Point V i t a l Point Category MacDonald B r o t h e r s A i r c r a f t A Imperial Refinery 1) Storage Facilities 2) Refining Facilities A North S t a r R e f i n e r y 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) R e f i n i n f F a c i l i t i e s A Radio R e f i n e r y 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s A 2) Refininf Tape Relay S e r v i c e Standard Aero Engine Works Ray - 0 - Vac Dominion Bridge CFR Weston Shops Globelite B a t t e r i e s CNR Transcona Probability of Fire Med Damage t o C o n t e n t s With F i r e 50-75 No F i r e 0 100 0 High Med 0 0 None None 0 0 None None A 25-50 High 7.5 - 100 50/5 Approx B Z.25 Low 50 - 75 0-25 B 50 - 75 Med 75 - 100 50 - 75 B 0 Low 25 - 50 C 25-50 Low 50 - 75 25 - 50 C /25 Med 50 - 75 0-25 Facilities Telephone Exchange Structural Damage by B l a s t (fo) c 75 - 100 High 100 c 75 - 100 Higi 75 - 100 0 75-100 75% Approx 000277 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET TABLE I I I - -SIMiARY OF EFFECT ON VITAL FOOTS CANADIAN EYES ONLY Airaing Point ii 2AI - Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on One Grouping of V i t a l P p i n t s by a 20 Kiloton Bomb V i t a l Point V i t a l Point Category With F i r e No F i r e ieo High 100 100 o o None None o o None None o o None None A o None - 0 B 100 Higi 100 100 B 100 High 100 100 B MOO Hi#i 100 100 C /25 Low C 0 None - 0 C 0 None - 0 C 0 None — 0 A I m p e r i a l Refinery 1) St or age Fac i l i t ie s 2) R e f i n i ng F a c i l i t i e s A North S t a r Refinery 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refininf F a c i l i t i e s A Radio R e f i n e r y 1) Storage Facilities A 2) Refininf Facilities Telephone Exchange Tape Relay S e r v i c e Standard Aero Engine Works Ray - 0 - Vac Dominion B r i d g e CPR ..eston Shops Glob e l i t e B a t t e r i e s CNR Transcona Damage t o Cont ent s Probability of Fire MacDonald B r o t h e r s A i r c r a f t Structural Damage b y Blast (f>) fi Approx 0-25 000278 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TOP SECRET TABLE I I I - SUMMARY OF EFFECT ON VITAL POETS CANADIAN EYES ONLY Aiming P o i nt 2A2 - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a .20 Kiloton Boirib Vital Point V i t a l Point Category MacDonald B r o t h e r s A i r c r a f t A I m p e r i a l Refinery 1 ) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) R e f i n i n f F a c i l i t i e s A North S t a r Refiner y 1 ) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refininf F a c i l i t i e s A Radio R e f i n e ry 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s A 2) R e f i n i n f Facilities Telephone Exchange Tape Relay S e r v i c e Standard Aero Engine Works Ray - 0 - Vac Dominion Bridge CPR Weston Shops Glob e l i t e B a t t e r i e s CNR Transcona Structural Damage b y Blast (55) 0 None 100 0 High Med 0 0 None None 0 None None 0 A B B B C C C C Probability of Fire 50 - 75 0 0 0 0 0 75 - 100 0 High Damage to C o n t e n t s With F i r e V. No F i r e 0 75 —100 50 - 75 None - 0 None - 0 None - 0 None «• 0 None «m 0 High 100 75 - 100 None 100 75 - 100 000279 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TABLE III - SUI.S.ARY OF EFFECT ON VITAL POINTS TOE CANADIAN EYES ONLY AimiJig P o i n t if 2A3 Vital Point MacDonald B r o t h e r s Chosen t o Give Maximum Effect on a Third Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s hy a 20 K i l o t o n Bomb Vital Point Category Aircraft A Imperial Refinery 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s 2) R e f i n i n g F a c i l i t i e s A North S t a r R e f i n e r y 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s 2) R e f i n i n g F a c i l i t i e s A Radio Refinery 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s A 2) Refining F a c i l i t i e s Telephone Exchange Tape Relay S e r v i c e S t a n d a r d Aero Engine Works Ray - O-Vac Dominion B r i d g e CPR Weston Shops Globelite B a t t e r i e s CNR Transcona Structural Damage by B l a s t (%) Probability of Fire 0 None 0 0 None None 100 0 High Med 100 0 High A 0 B 0 B 0 B 0 C 0 C 0 C 0-25 C 0 Damage t o Contents With F i r e No F i r e 0 Med Med 50$Approx 0 0 None 0 None 0 None 0 None 0 None Low 25 - 50 0-25 0 None 000280 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TABIE I I I - SQ.jLi-.RY OF EFi-ECT ON VITAL POINTS TOP SECRET Aiming P o i n t ff 2BI - Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on One Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 K i l o t o n Bomb Vital Point V i t a l Point Category Structural Damage by B l a s t (fo) Probability of Fire , C;.N.DIAN EYEo ONLY Dama ge t o Cont ent s With F i r e ~'~~ NcTTire 100 High 100 0 High Med 0 0 None None 0 0 None None A 0 Low 50ft Approx Tape Relay S e r v i c e B 75 - 100 Med 100 75 - 100 S t a n d a r d Aero Engine Works B 100 High 100 100 Ray - 0 - Vac B 100 High 100 100 Dominion B r i d g e C 100 High 100 100 CPR Weston Shops C 7555 - 100 High 100 75 - 100 Globelite Batteries C 0 Med 50% Approx 0 CNR Trahscona C 0 Low 25 -• 50 0 MacDonald B r o t h e r s A i r c r a f t A I m p e r i a l Refiner y 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refininf F a c i l i t i e s A N o r t h S t a r Refiner y 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refinin f F a c i l i t i e s A Radio R e f i n e r y 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s 2) R e f i n i n f F a c i l i t i e s A Telephone Exchange 100 t. 100 0 000281 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'information TABLE i n - BOIiiAHY OF EFFECT ON VITj'i POINTS Aiming Point # 2B2 Vital Point • CANADIAN EYCS ONLY Chosen t o Give Maximum E f f e c t on a Second Grouping of V i t a l P o i n t s by a 100 Kiloton Bomb V i t a l P o i nt Category MacDonald Brothers Aircraft A Imperial Refinery 1) Storage Facilities 2) Refininf Facilities A North S t a r R e f i n e r y 1) S t o r a g e F a c i l i t i e s 2) Refininf F a c i l i t i e s A Radio Refinery 1) Storage F a c i l i t i e s A 2) Refininf TOP SECRET Structural Damage b y B l a s t ($) Danage t o With F i r e Contents No F i r e None 50$ Approx 0 100 0 50$ Approx 0 Facilities Probability of Fire 0 Higi Med Higi Med High Med A 100 Hi^i 100 100 Tape Relay S e r v i c e B 0 None mm 0 S t a n d a r d Aero Engine Works B /25 None - 0-25 Ray - 0 - Vac B 0 None - 0 Dominion Bridge C 0 Low 50$ Approx 0 CPR Weston Shops C 0 Med 50$ Approx 0 Globelite Batteries C awo Higi 100 100 CNR Transcona C Med 75 - 100 25 - 50 To*« phone Exchange 50$ Approx 000282 �Document disclosed under the Access to Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'informat TOP SECRET CANADIAN ii,YLS ONLY i-PE-ITDIX "A" - STUDY OF CITY OF WINNIPEG For the City of Winnipeg the list of Vital Points as determined by the Interdepartmental Committee on Vital Points is as follows: Category "A" MacDonald Bros. Aircraft Imperial Refinery North Star Refinery Radio Refinery Main Urban Telephone Exchange Category "B" Tape Relay Service Standard Aero Engine Works Ray - 0 - Vac (Canada Limited) Category "0" Dominion Bridge Co. Limited C.P.R. lieston Shop Globelite Batteries Limited C.N.R. Transcona The categories determined by the Interdepartmental Committee on Vital Points are designed for sabotage studies. They have been adapted for the present study by raising those joints which are important to the joint Canadian U.S. war effort from Category "A" to a superior Category "AA", and by restating the significance of the categories. The categories used are as follows: Category "AA" Individual plants or buildings of sufficient importance to the North American war effort to be considered possible atomic bomb targets, irrespective of any effects of an A-bomb attack on the target on other vital points, ^ditioatd effects v:ill, ho. ever, play a part in determining the relative importance of Category ".=..-.-' tar.sets and they have, therefore, been studied and reported. Category "A" Individual plants or buildings not of sufficient importance to the North American war effort to be considered A-bomb targets by themselves, but which may become A-bomb targets if the other effects of the explosion of a bomb over the target would produce a sufficient cumulative effect on population and other vital points. •••2 000283 �r Document disclosed under the Access to Information Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I'acces a I'infornii amotion. TOP SECRET CANADIAN EYES ONLY - 2 - Category "B r Important points to be considered in conjunction with attacks on Category "AA" and Category "A" targets. Category "C" Minor points to be considered in conjunction with attacks on Category "AA" and Category "A" targets. I 000284 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDIM02640 Title A name given to the resource Report, "Atomic Vulnerability Study of Canada, The City of Winnipeg" Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953-03-11 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Nuclear Vulnerability Study, RG25, Vol. 4563, File 50041-A-40, Part 1, LAC. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Department of External Affairs Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Early Cold War, Atomic Vulnerability Description An account of the resource Atomic Vulnerability Study Panel, Ottawa Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en