1 20 34845 https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/e1d8dcefb13e9524553c64311d4d4be1.pdf ff04e29518512e43b959e04d2164842d PDF Text Text 7^, SECRET 3-j-f&)-f Seen by jolm G. Diefenbu.vtr January 28th, i960 SPEAK TO THE PRIME MINISTER RE SAC AT GOOSE 1. I believe it most important for mutual defence to improve deterrent to extent possible by having major nuclear weapons at Goose Bay for Sac. 2. My own impression - we can do this now without serious domestic or international difficulty - following early Parliamentary discussion on nuclear weapons generally. 3. Mr. Green is the only serious opponent and his case is neither clear nor strong in my view. Mr. Pearkes is strong for it but unwilling to press at Cabinet against Mr. Green1s vehement opposition. 4. The re-fuelling bases which the , Government agreed to and permitted the U.S. to spend / millions on are a much more vital and dangerous aid J to SAC and involve the difficult problem of last 1 minute movement of tankers. 5. Officials in External Affairs have no valid arguments against this and military consider it vitally important in our interest as well as the U.S. 6. Nothing to be gained by delay on this measure - advantage lies with promp/b_asi,inn_jaQM.. that Canadian public accepting generalrprinciple. 7. This ~is not~lT"prQper...subject for horse-trading - should be done in recognition of general interest not as favour to the U.S. - doing it will gain us more in U.S. confidence in our seriousness than if t^we try to swap it reluctantly. 000012 �- 28. Not necessary to take initiative to announce but should let it come out in answer to question or in debate - should not refer to specific location but say something to the effect that the Government has recently agreed to the stroage of major weapons at certain locations in northern Canada subject to suitable safeguards and Canadian consent for use, and in pursuance to the agreement given by the previous government to construction of facilities for this purpose. 9. The Prime__Mini.3-ter should see the U.S. Ambassador and inform him in a way to get maximum effect, emphasizing thatwe now feel that it is politically feasible, we recognize its importance but feel we must have agreement on certain major features - e.g. 'joint security arrangements and Canadian consent by application of overflight arrangements and arrangements for consultation. 10. In informing U.S., we should use this occasion to emphasize that we hope for and expect a relaxation of tensions with the U.S.S.R., we shall work toward this end though not by reducing our defences except as agreed disarmament measures or when they become Ineffective. In working for reduction of tensions, we will differ both r- privately and publicly with the occasionally U.S. on what sh6uld be said and done but on the whole we think it is a good thing. f^-J3oth-c^uRt^4^s-^ne^the--^eneral i n t e r e s t t h a t we should"^ilffeiMpublicly__frpm time t o t i m e , f o r there—a*e-4&±ngSu_Jdrat-£a«e^tar^^ \ independent and relying on its own judgment of its own interest and the general intereFET ~ R.B.B. 000013 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Speak to the Prime Minister Re. SAC at Goose Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 28-Jan-60 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Defence - Canada-US, Arrangements - Storage of Nuclear Weapons in Canada for Use by U.S. Forces, RG2, D-1-5(e)-1, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDNW18068 https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/32a23bbb25e830b91e81d5edf0e068c0.pdf fad751c964848a156d2107bfe76d9693 PDF Text Text SECRET ' \ January 28th, i960 SPEAK TO THE PRII3E .MINISTER RE SAC AT GOOSE 1. I believe it most important for mutual defence to improve deterrent to extent possible by having major nuclear weapons at Goose Bay for Sac. 2. Ely own impression - we can do this now without serious domestic or international difficulty - following early Parliamentary discussion on nuclear weapons generally. 3. Hr. Green Is the only serious opponent and his case is neither clear nor strong in ray view. Mr. Pearkes is strong for it but unwilling to press at Cabinet against Mr. Green*s vehement opposition. 4. The re-fuelling bases which the Government agreed to and permitted the U.S. to spend mlllionscn are a much more vital and dangerous aid to SAC and involve the difficult problem of last minute movement of tankers. 5. Officials in External Affairs have no valid arguments against this and military consider it vitally important in our interest as well as the U.S. 6. Nothing to be gained by delay on this measure » advantage lies with prompt action now that Canadian public accepting general principle. 7A This is not a proper: subject for horse-trading - should be done in recognition of general interest not as favour to the U.S. - doing it will gain us more in U.S. confidence in our seriousness than if we try to swap it reluctantly. 000014 �1 8. Mot necessary to take initiative to announce but should let It come out in answer to question or in debate - should not refer to specific location but say something to the effect that the Government has recently agreed to the etroage of major r t«s rCUi weapons at certain locations in northern Canada f * 4 ^ j r fT~ ""BuBJSBtrto suitable safeguards and Canadian consent JL**x*d*h)f» for use, and in pursuance to the agreement given ju^U'MtLM by the previous government to construction of facilities Lfeji |L^I<£*-Y- / for this purpose. 9. The Prime l&nlster should see the U.S- Ambassador and Inform him in a way to get maximum effect, emphasizing thatwe now feel that it is politically feasible, we recognize its importance but feel we must have agreement on certain major feat-ires - e.g. Joint security arrangements and Canadian consent by application of overflight arrangements and arrangements for consultation. 10. In informing U.S., we should use this occasion to emphasize that we hope for and expect a relaxation of tensions with the U.S.S.R., we shall work toward this end though not by reducing our defences except as agreed disarmament measures or when they become ineffective. In working for reduction of tensions, we will occasionally differ both privately and publicly with th© U.S. on what should be said and done but on the whole we think it is a good thing for both countries and the general interest that we should differ publicly from time to time, for there are things that Canada can do if it is manifestly independent and relying on its own Judgment of its own interest and the general interest. 000015 �CROSS REFERENCE SHEET Name or Subject file No. DEFENCE - Canada-US Arrangements - Storage of D - l - 5 ( e ) - l Nuclear Weapons in Canada for Use fy U.S. Forces Strategic A i r Command Regarding FOR PREVIOUS B _ „ Date Bee - D-28-5(g) SEE Name or Subject Req. 77 4M-12-58 File No. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Memorandum: Speak to the Prime Minister Re. SAC at Goose Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 28-Jan-60 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Defence - Canada-US, Arrangements - Storage of Nuclear Weapons in Canada for Use by U.S. Forces, RG2, D-1-5(e)-1, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDNW18067 https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/9a75134d8c35b40e4a9a562d7449d976.pdf 2661584764828135c6135aca98af7494 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE _ CSC 1569-1 (D/CJS) Department of Rational Wetence CANADA JOINT ADDRESS REPLY TO STA F F 23 December, 1953. CHAIRMAN CHIEFS OF STAFF, OTTAWA. Acting Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs. Attention: D-I d 8 9 10 BEC 23 I95% Mr. M.H. Wershof —0 50415- G+(o 59 Dear Sir: NATO Exercises - Protest by Swedish Government - ---------------3 4 5 6 7 RESTRICTED I refer to your letter of 21 December on the above subject. I do not think it would be advisable to consult with SACLANT or SACEUR concerning the above protest except insofar as such consultation may be necessary to determine the facts concerning the alleged violation of Swedish territory. I do feel, however, that SACEUR should probably be advised that Canada and the other four governments involved have received notes from the Swedish Government protesting against the violation of their territory by NATO aircraft. Your suggestion that the matter be discussed among the Canadian Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council and the representatives of the other four governments would therefore seem to be the proper way to go about this, since they could then advise SACEUR through NATO channels. The Chief of the Air Staff has been asked to ascertain if any RCAF aircraft were involved in the alleged violation of Swedish territory. As soon as we hear from him, I shall advise you further; however, as you intimate in your letter, it may be some time before he is able to determine whether or not RCAF aircraft were involved. Yours very tr 9 lecg RPR/6756/aea (H.H.C. Rutledge) Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman, Chiefs of Staff. 000013 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00172 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/425179c14e52ce0f49c64f1b8cf52897.pdf 55520c72dec59b170e0e61cfb7c31886 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi sur I’acces a /’information ~ . c DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS MEMORANDUM ‘ed TO: D.L.(1) D.KDoherty/ams 9 THE. ACTING UNDER-SESRETARY... Security J-SECRET Date .. .December .22, . 1953* 5 FROM: ... Defence. Liaison. .(1). Division REFERENCE: su bj e c t : File No. 50115-G-40 60 Allied Command Europe (SHAPE) . Exerci se .and. .Maneuver .Schedule .1954. We have received ( and will send you if desired) a copy of the SHAPE Exercise and Maneuver Schedule for 1954* It includes all international exercises which are sponsored by SHAPE and subordinate commands of- SHAPE during the coming year* The Schedule also contains those exercises planned for conduct in Allied Command Europe which have been arranged by mutual agreement among allied or national authorities and which involve assigned NATO forces. Purely national exercises have not been incorporated. 2, Many of the exercises listed are of a local and specific nature and would appear to involve relatively small forces. Others, however, are of greater scope and concern several services and more than one command. Those exercises planned for 1954 which seem. to be the more important, based on the information contained in the Schedule, are as follows: (a) Exercise, as yet unnamed, (Page 15) by combined services planned in conjunction with SACLANT’s major exercise in northern waters; duration is eight days in September or October; the smaller exercises noted on Pages 16 to 19. inclusive may be planned and carried out as part of SACLANT’s exercise also; the general area concerned will be Scandinavia* •* » 2 Ext. 326 (2/53) 000014 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Acl • Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a I’inform&tiQin - 2 — (b) Exercise Forces Unies (Page 29); a major land/air exercise with naval participation as far as possible to further the integration of land, sea and air forces in Central Europe; scheduled for the last half of September; other naval exercises being conducted at the same time may be combined with this exercise. (c) Exercise Good Alloy - Phase 1 (Page 48), Phase II (Page 50); described as a large-scale joint combined manoeuvre to evaluate and enhance the training of Headquarters and assigned forces and others made available to Allied Forces Southeastern Europe; to be undertaken in Italy, Greece, Turkey and the Mediterranean from July 15 to some time in August (Phase 1) and August 31 to September 13. The Schedule does not anticipate political 3. implications for any of the exercises planned except Exercise Wooden Horse (Page 27) to be undertaken during May in Baden Baden. Exerise Wooden Horse is a logistics exercise to test the logistic plan for support of Central Europe. In the outline of this exercise, it is noted that possible political implications may arise from examination of the refugee problem. 4. There is no direct mention in any of the exercise plans of Canadian participation. Canadian units presumably operate under the heading of "assigned forces". 6 YWW. Defence Liaison (1) Divisione 1/ 000015 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00171 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/4510558259685a7974c8b57bab527c49.pdf 513fbd22d4d5bcc7a7b48e9e4f7a6002 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE NO. Department of National Defence. ADDRESS REPLY TO CHAIRMAN, CHIEFS OF STAFF OTTAWA 1,7 " Z24 RESTRICTED JOINT STAFF CANADA D "V CSC:1569.1. (D/CJS) / 16 December 1953* Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs* (Attention: Mr. C.S.A. Ritchie) NATO Exercises Protest by Swedish Government 8 10 17 DEC 1953 5 RMcs 1. Reference your letter of 25 November 1953, File No. 50115-G-40. 2. Your above letter, plus its enclosure, was forwarded to the Chief of Naval Staff for comment. He has replied that the matter has been investigated and it has been ascertained that no RCN aircraft was involved in the reported violation of Swedish territory. (H.H.C. Rutledge) Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman Chiefs of Staff. RPR/6756/mck 000017 10 M— 6-52 (M-6188) � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00170 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/51d9e5b599e7730a8a044f4687133dbd.pdf 4ecb43630407792c25065f45098af39d PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a /'information 50 //5-G-%o dupnbae. Please. r^W No, 5 T7 4009 CANADIAN DELEGATION TO NATO & OEEG COSMIC TOP SECRET December 14, 1953 and return To The Secretary of State for External Affairs Ottawa, I transmit herewith 4 copy(s) of documents' listed below. 4 D. H. W. KIRKWOOD (For the Ambassador) 7. ) 3 DEC 1953 DOCUMENTS AND DATE MCM-17-53, Dec. 10,.1953 SUBJECT 176 NATO EXCERISES, 1953 Nato Excerises, 1953 M.C. 43/l(Final), -Dec. 9. 1954 c7y4 30 ,179%os 934 c" ) / 2 -3227700 9 ? 000018 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00169 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/fdfd188aa07717e32e1503ad9f4dee0d.pdf 839117a0b35ecbbbaeea59ca33d0b228 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Docupent dix9y/sn RSpders°pWr I'acces a I'information 5 01/3 59 147 y •4 $ The Secretary of State for External Affairs presents his compliments to His Excellency the Minister of Sweden and has the honour to acknowledge his Note No. 81 of November 23 in which he expressed his Government’s protest against flights over Swedish territory of aircraft belonging to the Air Forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The Note has been referred to the competent Canadian authorities and a reply will be provided in due course. The Secretary of State for External Affairs takes this opportunity of renewing to the Minister of Sweden the assurances of his highest consideration. O t t a w a, November 27, 1953.0 71 000019 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00168 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/b5936f354aeb599a0e3901a00aa7194a.pdf dd25fa80057c09ba8b97c93f96ec5974 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a /’information Defence Liaison (1)/.H.Wershof/elb Ottawa, November 26, 1953 50 1 I S 4 u 0 RESTRICTED Week ly Divisional Notes Protest by Swedish Government against Violations of Swedish Airspace 507 6- <4; 37 I Defence Liaison (1) - The Swedish Legation has presented a note complaining of violations of Swedish airspace by NATO aircraft in September 1953 during a NATO exercise (presumably Exercise MARINER). Similar notes have been sent to the other governments whose aircraft participated in the exercise, because the Swedish Government does not know the nationality of the aircraft which committed the violations. The note has been referred to the Department of National Defence for comment. (RESTRICTED) ll Defence Liaison (1) Division 000020 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00167 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/4cc43551f88e61bc8744b2eae26086dc.pdf ca800f05d6fdcac699821e82f610aef4 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act DefenceDgassenig@aen/MtewersHoeeinformation Refer: X Washington Londone Copenhagen A Del. to NATS Os loz Stockholm European Div /*A9 78 H RESTRICTED 5075-G-% . 1A LLgo &d Our file: 50115-G-40 CPol.Co.Set.s 1— — — /Press Off le November 25, 1953 Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Department of National Defence Ottawa, Ontario NATO Exercises - Protest by Swedish Government Enclosed are copies of Note No. 81 of November 23 from the Swedish Legation, which the Swedish Minister (Dr. Book) left with me on November 23. It protests against the violation by 2. foreign aircraft of Swedish territory during a NATO exercise (presumably Exercise MARINER) on September 26, 2? and 30 of this year. As the Swedish Government does not know the precise nationality of the aircraft, similar protests are being addressed to the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway, whose aircraft also took part in the exercise. Dr. Book said that his Government thought that the aircraft involved were ThunderJets or Sabre jets. He also said that his Government has always protested to the U.S.S.R. against Soviet violations of Swedish territory or airspace and was bound to take the same attitude towards NATO governments. 3. 4. I should be grateful for your comments. in order that we may advise our Minister as to the reply . . 2 2 H. Q<(0s) 000021 �’Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a I’information - 2 to be sent to the Swedish Legation. Can it be ascertained whether Canadian aircraft committed or might have committed the violations complained of? Do you think that your Department should consult SACLANT or SACEUR regarding the Swedish complaint? 5. We are referring copies of the enclosed Note, for information, to our Delegation to NATO and to our Missions in Stockholm, Washington, London, Copenhagen and Oslo. C. S. A. RITCHIE Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs 000022 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00166 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/c4e623a9fbb49fe925e60bc2a770d9b3.pdf a90e29871067f6bc9727b8891d30a3cc PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information ACT _ Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a I’informaffi 60// C7RESTRICTED y SEEN------------ L B. PEARSONottawa, November 25, 1953 / MEMORANDUM FOR THE MINISTER V NATO Exercises - Protest by Swedish Government Enclosed is a copy of Note No. 81 of November 23 from the Swedish Legation, which the Swedish Minister (Dr. Book) left with me on November 23. 2. It protests against the violation by foreign aircraft of Swedish territory during a NATO exercise (presumably Exercise MARINER) on September 26, 27 and 30 of this year. As the Swedish Government does not know the precise nationality of the aircraft, similar protests are being addressed to the United States, United Kingdom, Denmark and Norway, whose aircraft also took part in the exercise. Dr. Book said that his Government thought that the aircraft involved were Thunder jets or Sabre jets. He also said that his Government has always protested to the U.S.S.R. against Soviet violations of Swedish territory or airspace and was bound to take the same attitude towards NATO government. 3. 4. We are consulting Chiefs of Staff (who may. in turn need to consult SACLANT or SACEUR). We have asked Chiefs of Staff whether Canadian aircraft might have been involved in the violations. /‘ Copies of the Note are being sent, for information, to all Canadian Missions concerned. 5. H. H. Wrong 260//-/0 s3o(.9 ) &Z. 000023 �I LEGATION OF SWEDEN Ottawa Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a i’information Ottawa, November 23, 1953 No. 81. Sir, Acting upon instructions from my Government, I have the honour to bring the following to your attention. In the course of the naval and air operations recently carried out on and over Danish, Norwegian and adjacent territory by forces belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, foreign aircraft have on several occasions violated Swedish territory. Thus foreign aircraft were observed over Vaderoarna at 11.36 a.m, on the 26th of September, over SmogenHallinden-Vaderoarna between 12.05 and 12.08 p.m. on the 27th of September and over Kosteroarna-Stromstad-Kosteroarna between 12.21 and 12.23 also on the 27th of September. All the points enumerated above are located in the province of Bohuslan, i.e. on Sweden’s coast on the Skagerack. At 07.13 a.m. on the 30th of September twelve foreign jet aircraft flew in from a south-westerly direction over a Swedish air-base north of Angelholm in the province of Skane, whereafter they left Swedish territory on a north-westerly course over the Kattegatt. Later in the same day, between 12.09 and 12.1+ p.m., foreign aircraft were observed over the region of Falkenberg and Varberg in the province of Halland, i.e. on Sweden’s coast on the Kattegatt. The observations made as well as subsequent investigations indicate that the aircraft involved in the above flights belonged to the air forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization then operating in the Scandinavian area. These forces, according to available information, consisted of aircraft of American, British, Canadian, Danish and Norwegian nationality. The Swedish Government, therefore, lodges a protest with the American, British, Canadian, Danish and Norwegian Governments against the violations of Swedish territory referred to in this note and requests that measures be taken to prevent any recurrence. Accept, Sir, the renewed assurances of my highest consideration. Klas Book. The Secretary of State for External Affairs, 0 t t a w a. 000024 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00165 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/b887e25e5ab04197a62d111973da4cf7.pdf 3e6bd9520fa39c1279b96ece10a4cd3d PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information r ss reply tos FILE: CSC: 1569.1 (D/CJS) CLASSIFICATION; The Chairman, Chiefs of Staff, Ottawa. DATE? 25 NATO/SECRET 53 D '( JOIN 1 2 05l STAFF ME M OR A N D UM al 4 Subject? £066.2 aeeue-sduizuadzsAsdERTE NATO Exercises 10/51 30 7 2 9 i to 26NOVe9sgiption: S.G. 200/5 (FINAL) dated 23 Nov 53 ill 1. The attached document is referred to? Chairman Chiefs of Staff CGS ‘ CHS CAS CURB Deputy Minister J Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs. 2. It is requested that action be taken by? (for information and amendment) S.G. 207/5 forwarded to you under cover of even file on RPR/6756/mek 4 Nov 53 . (H.H.C. Rutledge) _ /Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman, Chiefs of Staff 000025 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00164 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/ae9124fd681f21b7da01354350e3e48d.pdf 77531a3d5926fea7fa8ea02ac8ee7a99 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access ioTnTomiatio^Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a Hnformatk _ Q. 4O So 1I > LEG OF SWEDEN Ottawa, November 23, 1953. TAWA ( S ---------- - No. 81. N "Kk ’ ' v-) ' D- ho 5 —== . 80// -ssw* 3 F 7 1 Sir, 2 Acting upon instructions from my Government, I have the 10 honour to bring the following to your attention. 25 NOV 1953 In the course of the naval and air operations recently carried out on and over Danish, Norwegian and adjacent territory by forces belonging to the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- zation, foreign aircraft have on several occasions violated Swedish territory. Thus foreign aircraft were observed over Vaderdarna at 11.36 a.m. on the 26th of September, over Smgen- Hallinden-Vaderdarna between 12.05 and 12.08 p.m. on the 27th of September and over Kosterdarna-Strdmstad-Kosterdarna be- tween 12.21 and 12.23 also on the 27th of September. All the points enumerated above are located in the province of Bohuslan, < No i.e. on Sweden’s coast on the Skagerack. — Mo F At 07.13 a.m. on the 30th of September twelve foreign jet aircraft flew in from a south-westerly direction over a Swedish air-base north of N Angelholm in the province of Skane, whereafter they left 5" 4 <y / Swedish territory on a north-westerly course over the Katte- gatt. Later in the same day, between 12.09 and 12.14 p.m., foreign aircraft were observed over the region of Falkenberg and Varberg in the province of Halland, i.e. on Sweden’s coast on the Kattegatt. The observations made as well as subsequent investigations indicate that the aircraft involved in the above flights belonged to the air forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization then operating in the Scandina- vian area. These forces, according to available information, The Secretary of State for External Affairs, Ottawa. 000026 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a I’informatio t 4 -2- sisted of aircraft of American, British, Canadian, Danish and wegian nationality. Q The Swedish Government, therefore, lodges rotest with the American, British, Canadian, Danish and Norian Governments against the violations of Swedish territory re- red to in this note and requests that measures be taken to preit any recurrence. Accept, Sir, the renewed assurances of my highest consideron. Uu Kias Book C ' S' 000027 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00163 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/d85d215846f9c58195167b4150dd82d6.pdf 16d96616223ec26ad052df92376422ea PDF Text Text e Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a I’information FIIE: 3 reply tor CLASSIFICATION: NATO SECRET —ne Chairman, Chiefs of Staff, Ottawa. | DATE: 23 Nov 53 JOINT STAFF M EMO R A N DU M ect: CSC 1818-1 (SO/ADMIN) I 60/ 4 00162 Allied Command Europe Exercise and Maneuver Schedule a Ud AG 1808 >T dated 15 Nov l. 4 5 6 ccos The attached document is referred tor CGS CNS GAS CDRB / USSEA CJS Washington It is requested that action be taken by: &Z DEC 1953 Attach. EAO/7321/rw For information and retention ,2002547* , (H.H.C. Rutledge) /Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman, Chiefs of Staff. i 000028 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00162 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/13d6857b607698b9703b1e9a2a11fcae.pdf 3d640b77a7e68215ea210ac4cddafe65 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a I’information / s AC ess reply tor i FTLs CSC:1569.1 (D/CJS) CLASSIFICATION: The Chairman, Chiefs of Staff, Ottawa. D-| DATE: JOINT - X ___ _ 2 _ STAFF NATO/SEGRET 13 Nov 53 r MEMORA N DU M _3____ .32 4 '_ 5 . Subjects 7 NATO Exercises 0 3 9 to 16 NOV 1963criptions 1. Corrigendum dated 10 Nov 53 to S.G. 207/5 The attached document is referred to: Chairman Chiefs of Staff CGS cus CAS CDRB Deputy Minister ^Under-Secretary of State (Attention* for External Affairs (Mr. Wershof) 2. It is requested that action be taken by: A11 addressees S.G. 2LF1/5 forwarded to you under cover of our memorandum of even file on 4 Nov 53« Py RPR/6756/mek x 7 /P (H.H.C. Rutledge) Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman, Chiefs of Staff. i 000029 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00161 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/dd7ce04cc8c1acba2c8236e338d91bbd.pdf 66b24b0366eb0ffe84e93b42f47c32c5 PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Refer to European (to pass to D.L. (2)) yii — 1 J1 MAC SECRET File 50115-G-40 i__ 61 50 November 10, 1953 YourSfilefCSC: 1569.1 (D/cS ) Chairman, Chiefs of Staff, Department of National Defence, "A" Building, Ottawa, Ontario. NATO Exercises I refer to S.G. 207/5 on the development and co-ordination of NATO Exercises and your letter of November 4, 1953. This Department agrees with the proposals outlined in the paper, which appear to offer improved opportunity for early examination of the political implications of NATO exercises during their preparation. I note in paragraph 11 (page 3) that political 2. screening is to be continuous from the planning stage to the time the exercise is completed and that any NATO organ or national authority may at any time request the North Atlantic Council to discuss political implications arising from NATO exercises. In order that this Department may play its full part in weighing the political implications of NATO exercises it is, of course, essential thet wo be fully informed, in good time, of exercise plans, and of the nature and extent of participation by Canadian forces. & AV i a A. MacKAY Under -Secretary of State for External Affairs 000030 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00160 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/06852a1b8785116aa5df45fb9b824a8e.pdf 20482022625cc6c89297ccdb4c32ef7c PDF Text Text _ $8%9 Document disclosed under the Access to. Information Act _ Defence boc@menPalvulgulenDerde@hestyadesS /’information DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS MEMORANDUM cSecurity ■ / •... NMO ..SECRET .......... MR. MACKA TO: Date November 10, 1955 DEFENCE LIAISON .11. DI VIS? ON........ FROM: File No. 5 011 5 -G -40 REFERENCE: NATO Exercises (S.G.207/5) SUBJECT: <3 I attach for your signature, if you agree, a letter to the Chairman, Chiefs of Staff on the referenced subject. S.G.207/5, on which the attached letter comments, deals with the development and coordination of NATO exercises and is to supersede S.G.207/2 of October 15, 1952. A major difference between the two documents lies in the somewhat greater prominence given in S.G.207/5 to the weighing of political implications during the planning of a NATO exercise. Under the proposed arrangements of S.G.207/5, any NATO organ or national authority.may, at any time, request the North Atlantic Council to discuss political implications arising from NATO exercises. This differs from the arrangements set up by S.G.207/2 under which political implications were discussed after the approval of the exercise programme. h vo Defence Liaison (1) Division Ext. 326 (2/53) /2.//f/os) 000031 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00159 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/a8587b752b15ad09cfd7d9564015b8d2.pdf f0a41852d39d1f6669d3b342e381e43e PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Access to Information^t Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE NO. Department of Sational Defence JOINT STAFF/ CANADA ADDRESS REPLY TO CHAIRMAN, CHIEFS OF STAFF OTTAWA 50 1 • D.| 74 Se ,* 3 4 $ 5 NOV 1953 NATO/SECRET A 042 4 November 1953. Under-Secretary of State for External Affairs. Attentions Mr. MH Wershof. $2 Dear Mr. Wershofs NATO Exercises 7 10 , CSC:1569.1 D/CJS) in 1952 agreement was reached in S.G. 207/2 on basing NATO Exercise Schedules on a two-year cycle promulgated well in advance. I am enclosing a copy of S.G. 207/5 which is a new study of required procedures for the formulation, development and coordination of NATO Exercises which will be considered by the Standing Group and then by the Military Representatives Committee. Subsequently, if the NATO Council has no objection, revised guidance will be given to SACLANT, SACEUR and CHANCOM. I am also enclosing a copy of a telegram from Canadian Joint Staff, Washington, detailing the results of a working level meeting held on this paper. The Chiefs of Staff have examined S.G. 207/5 and the attached message from Canadian Joint Staff, Washington, and are in agreement with the procedure outlined therein. However, before notifying Canadian Joint Staff, Washington, of Chiefs of Staff agreement, you may wish to make your comments on the enclosed paper. Yours very (C RPR/6756/mck 10 M— 6-52 (M-6188) (H.H.C. Rutledge) Air Commodore, RCAF, for Chairman Chiefs of Staff. 000032 1 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00158 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/4f4832dfa57bdc95687de39e1ac8736e.pdf f03fb139d2a3da8485bb11d55fa21d2e PDF Text Text Document disclosed under the Aqcess to Information Act ” Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information 0 i l (COPY) ROUTINE FROM: TO: CJS CCOS INFO: CJSi SPECTRA WASHINGTON 262105Z OTTAWA LONDON MaO/SECRET CJSW 919 -26 Oct 53 SUBJECT IS: Procedure for Screening NATO Exercise Plans with Council and National Authorities - S.G. 207/5 forwarded 22 Oct 53 Staff officers MRS met Planning Team on 23 for briefing. It 1. was stated that main reason for reissuance was due to Council objecting to the receipt of small exercise plans for screening when political 'objections, which were usually non-existent, could be dealt with by the Commander-and the nations whose forces or territory might be affected. Council considered it possible and necessary to deal only with major exercises from the political aspect. 2. Discussion developed by Belgium supported by Netherlands questioning competence of Commanders to detect undesirable political flavours. These two countries also suggested that all countries should be informed of any and all exercises in case a country not directly concerned might detect an otherwise unforeseen political complication. The balance of the staff officers and the Planning Team felt that such exaggerated caution could delay the organization of an exercise indefinitely. Belgium and Netherlands finally agreed that there could be little objection as the paper stood. Team agreed to Canadian suggestion that 19(e) page 6 be 3. re-worded to show more clearly that Commanders decisions as to political aspects of an exercise did not permit them discretion where large scale exercises were concerned but only regarding the smaller ones. 4. Team will also re-word para ld(l) of Enclosure page 8 to eliminate 31 December deadline. It was considered generally that this date would be too late to clear exercises scheduled in the early part of the succeeding year. Paper will probably be presented to MRS early in November. 5. Your comments already requested. 20169/JB/262322Z Oct 53 000033 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00157 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/0d6ff132092c369ec71c884b775b0c84.pdf b1698d2aa0d60576e994bc373e8ebeaf PDF Text Text P Document disclosed under the Access to Information AcF Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information DEPARTMENT OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, CANADA. DESPATCH 128 SECRETARY OF STATE FOR EXTERNAL AFFAIRS, OTTAWA, CANADA. TO: FROM- Security: No: UNCLASSIFIED g5. Date:... okoPer. 4* . A?.5.?.*, CANADIAN CHARGE D’AFFAIRES A.I. Enclosures;. 90z . ............... MOSCQW. Reference: Air or Surface Mail: Subject:. . "Excercise . Mariner" Post File No; Ottawa File No. 50/Q-y .S References £2 qo I attach herewith a translation £ 4 of an article commenting on ’’Exercise 2 7 Mariner”' by Captain Second rank K. Alekseev, yj______ _ t Ct which appeared in Red Star on October 29, 1 4 NOV 1953 10 1 There have been other references to these NATO manoeuvres but this is the first extensive comment and the first one mentioning in any prominent way the parti- C cipation of Canadian naval and air force unit s. Internal Circulation He wh 0C ~AS CNS J1 "No &1( D/M Distribution to Posts London Paris NATO Oslo Copenhagen Ext. 180A (Rev. 2/52) L >6 02 Yhe o4@.4KA4].... W 000034 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00156 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/8e838b55444ef37fe8e49204cff4e37c.pdf ad9c519574152ad049f8445cf6e16203 PDF Text Text P Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information I" I Liml1 1 JPRS TRANSLATION RESTAR J TOY WUU L ON "MARINER" MANOEUVRES (By Captain Second rank K. Alekseev) ..A The combined manoeuvres of the armed forces of the countries of the aggressive North Atlantic bloc, held recently in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, are convincing proof of the desire of US ruling circles to impede a relaxation of international tension. These manoeuvres, which received the code name "Mariner", were held from Sep. 16 to Oct. 4. In the area of the region and in the quantity of forces and means employed, as the foreign press asserts, they were the largest of the post-war period. Up to 300 ships took part in them. The airforce had more than 1,000 aircraft. The personnel of all kinds of forces which took part in the manoeuvres numbered about half a million men. The manoeuvres were held on an area of more than 5 million square miles and encompassed the region of the Atlantic between Norway and Greenland to the north, the southern part of the coast of the USA and Portugal to the south, and also the North Sea, the English Channel and certain regions of west Europe. The military command of the aggressive North Atlantic bloc drew the land, naval and airforces of the USA, Britain, France, Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and Portugal into participation in the combined manoeuvres. The main purpose of the manoeuvres, as the bourgeois newspapers wrote, was to train the armed forces of the North Atlantic bloc to defend the ocean and maritime communications between the USA and Europe from a possible strike at them by the air force, surface ships and submarines of the "enemy". Masking themselves with defensive phraseology, the bosses of the North Atlantic bloc worked out tasks of an offensive character. Special attention was given operations of the fleet in conditions of intensive shipment of machinery and weapons from the USA and Britain to the countries of continental Europe. The guiding role in the manoeuvres was played by the Commander in Chief of the naval forces of the North Atlantic bloc in the Atlantic, Admiral Mc Cormick, the Commander in Chief of the armed forces of this bloc in Europe, General Greunther, Marshal of the air force Stevens, Commander of the naval forces in the eastern part of the Atlantic, Admiral Creasey, and Admiral Eddieston. This once again confirms the fact that all the threads of leadership of the aggressive bloc are concentrated in the hands of the USA and Britain. The first phase of the "Mariner" manoeuvres began on Sept. 16 and took part in the north eastern part of the Atlantic between Greenland and the Scandinavian peninsular. Formations of American, British and Canadian ships during exercises were subjected to "blows” by large air forces and submarines of the "enemy”. In the so called "Danish-Norwegian" phase of the manoeuvres, which began on Sept. 24, ships and aircraft, and also army units of Denmark and Norway, took part along with the naval and air forces of the USA, Britain, Canada and other countries. ‘ • r 000035 �! Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue envertu de la Loi surl’acces a I’information o\AN EMe S4DE oU . r 3 C X- 3 a 10 * ■ -r. fA • i "tro * MT* ’ 2 - • ) s ? :s* P ?. t 0 ' 3 .T .. 2 1 % 2. ■ i • 1 •. 1 > 000036 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information 2 Mr The task of this phase of the manoeuvres, according to reports of bourgeois newspapers, was to work out mutual operations between the armed forces of the North Atlantic bloc in the north of Europe and the combined naval forces of the bloc in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. At the same time tasks of ensuring the escorting of conveys from Britain to the countries of the Scandinavian peninsular were solved. During this phase of the manoeuvres a large convoy left Britain and went to Bergen (Norway), and then along the south western coast of Norway to Denmark and finally, back to Britain. During the sea voyage and on the approach to ports the convoy was subject to systematic .’’attacks” of the air force and submarines of the "enemy”. During the convoy’s voyage from Bergen to Christiansan it was ’’attacked” by British aircraft which took off from an aircraft carrier and also from the airfields of Denmark. The convoy’s covering support from the air was carried out by air forces from Norwegian airfields. It should be noted that for purposes of violation of normal functioning of maritime communications, organisation of "blows” at transports travelling individually was provided for along with the operation of forces against the convoy. Norwegian passenger ships were used for this. During their regular voyage they were subjected to ’’attacks” of air forces and submarines. Air exercises under the code name ’’Hands Up” were a component part of the second phase of the combined manoeuvres. During the "Hands Up” manoeuvres big air force formations made "raids" on cities, various military installations, railways, bridges, fuel dumps, and on the ships and vessels at the bases and ports of the south and south east of Norway and Denmark. Formations of American, British and Danish jet bombers and fighters fulfilled the role of "enemy” aeroplanes. Repulsing of the air attacks was charged to detachments of Canadian and Norwegian air forces. In accordance with the plan for the manoeuvres, Caadian aeroplanes were stationed on the Danish airfield of Olborg. The shifting of the base of Canadian air force units to Venmark pursued far reaching political goals. Thus, the newspaper ’’Land og folk” wrote: "The frightful presentment turns up that these manoeuvres, during which foreign aircraft will be stationed at Danish bases, are part of preparation for lasting occupation of Danish bases”. The manoeuvres, ’’Hands Up”, apparently, "coincided” not by accident with the very height of the campaign of elections to the Norwegian Parliament. The atmosphere of military psychosis was designed to create among the voters the impression of the threat of war and thus to force them to support the programme of the right wing parties, to support plans for the further subordination of Norway to aggressive American plans. The third phase of th® ’’Mariner” manoeuvers took place in the region of the south west coast of Spain, where American, British and Canadian ships and air forces held a number of tactical exercises, in which the battleships "Iowa", ’’Vanguard”, three large aircraft carriers, six cruisers and twenty three escort vessels took part. The task which these forces solved was to deal blows at various land and sea objectives. * 000037 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl’acces a /’information gond5M‘e, r S3 J %oE po o z > • y 2 % T > 1 A > # ■■■ c i v 1 .C 1 - 1 - '6 d 7 » 000038 �Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act\ Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi suri’acces a /'information co 0 3 During the manoeuvres carrier-borne aircraft of the attacking side '’attacked” coastal objects on the coast of Britain. The attacking forces were counter-attacked by the aircraft from British airfields and by submarines. The combined manoeuvres of the combined forces of the North Atlantic bloc, which were held, were another military demonstration of the war mongers. These manoeuvres once again emphasised the aggressive character of the North Atlantic alliance, which is the main threat to the cause of peace. (1 1/3 cols.) (Full text) RED STAR 29.10.53. 000039 �L. Document disclosed under the Access to Information Act Document divulgue en vertu de la Loi surl'acces a /'information Y oAN FMe,“T. S4DE qO f .. 3 1 P r •■• C ■) A 000040 L � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CDEX (NATO Exercises) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDEX00155 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived RG25, 50115-G-40, "North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Military, naval and air exercises," Part 1, Library and Archives Canada. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Canadian Crown Subject The topic of the resource Exercises Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Canada Declassified Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en