1 20 1 https://declassified.library.utoronto.ca/files/original/7fadff2a92bb9a9da9cbe69e86e25ff7.pdf 671df20916b5d0b5ba1cbef094e2a176 PDF Text Text \ First Draf:t, AIDE MEMOIRE A study of Recent Changes and.Trends in United States Defence Policy and the Implications it might have..on Canadian Defence Policy Introduction 1. As a result of recent statements the Eisenhower Administration, by spokesmen of it has become evident that the US Government have re-assessed their defence policy and that a "NewLook" on defence may have emergedo f ··' Purpose 2. The purpose of this paper is to examine the "New Look" and consider what implications it may have on Canadian defence policyo United States Defence Concept 3. Broadly speaking United States the Truman Administration defence policy under was one of periphery a build-up of local and United States this peripheryo An example of this defence with defence forces on policy was the build= up of NATOforces to contain the Russians in Europe. back up their policy, the United States built To up a strategic air force and an atomic bomb stockpile to be ,either a deter= rent or a means of massive retaliatory striking During this period it was considered that the threat North America was9 in an overall wide threat, secondary to the threat of Russian aggression to assessment of the world= to Eu.ropeo It was also ~onsidered during the Truman Administration threat powero t~t the general was more immediate than is now thoughto 000124 �•• .. TOP SECRE.l' - 2 - 4. Since the Eisenhower Administration have been indications .. ' - " Public statements -·- leading spokesmen of the Eisenhower Administration emphasized the fact that the United States taken another look at their at the Ministerial Government has defence policy. For example, . . )1.- I 1q~7.:-t I speech on J.mle. 12 Mr. Dulles said that will"place more reliance depending"primarily 5. in a . .. . the United States power and powerr.. This means upon a great capacity to retaliate by means and at places of our own choosing". The Canadian Ambassador to t~e .. United states discussing states . upon community deterrent less dependance upon local defensive instantly Mr. Meeting of NATOin December 1953, ----~--- ' by have Dulles emphasized the "long haul" concept and later - there that there may be a change in United States defence policy and strategy. - took office the questi~n of possible in changes in Unite~ defence policy in his message No. 142 da_ted '24 .Jan 54, attributes these changes in part at least to the follow- ing facto1's: (a) the attitude unrelated taken by the Administration, to the Republican campaign promises for reductions in Government expenditures, that the United States tain (b) economy cannot main- in peacetime the levels up after of defence built the outbreak of the Korean war; the appreciation of the Administration there has been some slight tensions not and that the threat reduction that in world of Soviet aggres- sion is not as immediate as it was considered to be for planning purposes during the Truman Administration; TOP SECREI' -- "o o o/3 000125 �.. TOP SECRET - 3 - the reports (c), Staff .... , p~esented to th~ Chiefs of on the capabilities and availability . of nuclear weapons taken together with the decision ·on the part of the Administration Seek Congressional. friendly (d) allies to approval to share with . certain kpowledge concerning the tactical use of rruclear weapons; the decision taken by the Administration with the concurrence of its highest military advisers to rely on the "deterrent retaliatory power" to a greater or massive degree than on "local defences"p ioe. the meeting of _ aggression From thtCa:hadian would eem to United factor on the ground where it occurs~ Mil~ / befthe point of vie!the .\ / princi~asons ~efence policyo fo above---factors _L. \_~ any changes in -------- However, another important which should not be overlooked is the increasing Russian capability to attack North America with nuclear weapons. 60 Mr. Heeney developed his factors and arrived conclusion that there has been no important at the change in United States defence policy but that there will be _gradual changes in strategy. (a) These changes in strategy will be8 A general t~ghtening up on United States defence expenditures which will ma.inly affect personnel strengths and administrative over- heado TOP SECRET ooooo/4 000126 �.. 0 . TOPSECRET - (b) A greater reliance 4 - on new weapons including nuclear shared with friendly - - ... -- ___weapons .. - -- - .. - - . \. . to compensate for reductions . -manpower and to offset allies . in United- States additions to the Soviet arsenal. (c) Further strengthening of United States air power and especially or its ability to deliver the atomic goods. (d) Increased attention to continental defence in cooperation with Canada to protect the main base of the striking (e) power of the free world. The build-up in the United States of a strategic reserve of trained soldiery and weapons which will be committed to action where the Service Chiefs think they will do the most good, not necessarily at the point of actual aggression. (f) A highly cautious approach to involvement in any further incidents would result of the Korea type which in the commitment to battle of United States ground troops. 7. The Canadian military view is in agreement with the conclusions drawn by Mr. He;{neyon the possible United States strategy. changes in The soundness of such changes have not been considered in this paper. Possible Implications to Canadian Defence Policy North America .. 8. strategy It would appear that proposed changes in United States relative to the defence of the North American TOPSECREl' 000127 �TOP SECREI' - 5- continent based on the increasing Russian capability ?f prime importance to Canada. Possible results will be of these changes might be: (a) Extension of the early warning system to include: (1) the mid-Canada line (2) seaward extension (55th parallel); of the mid= Canada line; (3) construction of the Northern chain of -radar stations (4) (.G8jf'rodo); additi_onal gap-filling radar stations. (b) Increase (1) in air def~nce forces increase including: in all-weather fighter squadrons; (2) increase in AA (guided missile) forces; (3) formation of Bomarc squadrons (advanced type of ground to air guided missile); (4) (5) completion of the integration of Canada-US Air Defence forces; . requirement US fighter 9o States for construction bases in Canadao Should the above measures be proposed by the United 9 it is probable that the Canadian Government would have to reconsider the whole problem of Canadian participation in the air defence of North Americao Consequently probable that there will be an increasing ,,. of 9 it is need for Canada=US 0.ll000/6 000128 �• ,~ 6 = _J joint it is possible Ultimately planning. that pressure may be brou~ht to bear for the establishment integrated lOo commando W'nilst the fear has been expressed that the new United States strategy may result United States forces fr-a;he no indication~time t\ )·f . V withdraw effective theatre rf )y intention Therefor, , ,t is ass in Eu ope as previously . ,'riJ> .f J States there 9 is to in spite of the movement of United States atomic least .. EuroP.ean theatres combat forces from the NATOEuropean Canad' n commitm llo in the withdrawal of some V weapons to that theatre \ { J of an 11 fo theL ' United ;!e~s rest·riction H '\__ obscure. eapons by the , it is !mowirr--i..na.;..--no now remains on consideration planners of the possible , . . J~., b~' plannedo Use of Nuclear·weapons ,I '/ I . _ · Tje policy o~se of_nucl-ear military that any critical situation involving by United States use of atomic weapons in fJ the commitment of United forces. Canaa/4the br ' e pl".,7.,;:;:,f d implications of their cl/ \;J'f;~ usV f ,/, ------------------........ -- Jj Korea l2o It is thought that the planned withdrawal of two United states divisions in the situation from Korea implies United States thereo these two divisions battle However~ it should be noted that are being replaced by two ROKdivisions efficiency. confidence recently The planned reduction in the UN order of brought to combat in United States Army forces under the proposed 1954=55 budget amounts to approxi= mately two divisional sliceso It is possible 9 therefore» TOP SECl~ 0 O l.' 0/ /ryS 000129 �...:, , '' ,.. TOP SECREI' - 7 - that the two divisions withdrawn from Korea, or two ethers now in the United States, - nny be deactivated .. 195~0 Any further before l July plans for wit~~ forces from Korea will undoubtedly~e considera- - tion of the lfttla&Pawa:xor CommonwealthForces • ··- ---··· .. - --~ .. Mobile Strategic Reserve -• ( ·• C • . • -····- l3o It is considered the United 'states a strategic reserve of forces centrally policy of holding in the United States stems from the desire of the United States auttlorities have their forces as far as possible ployment to meet sudden aggression, committed in peripheral flexibility available rather defence with the consequent loss or It i~ not thought that this . . /I /"'\ . the use of other /than normal trahsportation the deployment for de- than have them and the problems or reinforcement, expenditures. to of' thifategil reserve;'• supply and policy.,,envisages /._ ..j facilities for/ Ji.icy/ . unv keepin_g with th' Canadian plan (to hoJn:d2/3 of the ~vision . f I assigned to SAO~ in Canada Dayo . Conclusion 14. It can therefore the main implications States Defence Policy, Continental be deduced from the foregoing that to Canada of the "NewLook" of United will primarily be in the field of Defence. 000130 J � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deterrence Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource New Look / 8 FEBRUARY 1954 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954-02-08 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource PDF Language A language of the resource en Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context CDTT00019 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Joint Planning Committee draft report, “A study of Recent Changes and Trends in United States Defence Policy and the Implications it might have on Canadian Defence Policy,” 8 Feb. 1954, LAC, RG 25, vol. 4903, file no. 50115-P-40, part 2. continental defence Dwight Eisenhower John Foster Dulles Joint Planning Committee Korean War US-Canada relations